© 2020 IIETA. This article is published by IIETA and is licensed under the CC BY 4.0 license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
OPEN ACCESS
Most of the water pipe infrastructure is outdated; therefore, frequent maintenance and repair works are required. To speed up the rehabilitation work and to have a more sustainable and efficient approach, trenchless methodologies have been developed in the last decades. One of the most cost-effective trenchless methods is the so-called Cured in Place Pipeline (CIPP) method, in which a resin-impregnated liner is pulled or inverted inside the host pipe and, when cured, it restores the old pipe structural and mechanical integrity. The aim of this study is to analyse the effects of the presence of a CIPP liner in a deteriorated pipe during unsteady flow for compressible fluids. In particular, the paper deals with a new formulation to compute the celerity of the wave which produces the overpressures, when the pipe wall is composed of both the host (old) pipe and the new liner, whose thickness depends on the required mechanical characteristics. The problem is strictly dependent on the mechanical properties of the liner. In order to obtain the new formula for celerity, the linear elastic problem for multi-layered pipes has been solved. The theoretical results have been validated by performing numerical simulation analysis using a Boundary Element model, with the software BEASY™. The resulting circumferential strain is integrated in the continuity equation, deriving the new formula to compute the wave celerity. The values of the celerity are dependent on the thickness and on the elastic properties of the liner. The behaviour of several combinations of thickness of the liner and Young’s modulus values has been studied and the results have been critically shown in the paper.
analytical model, boundary element model, CIPP, confined liner, elastic transient motion, pipeline relining, trenchless methods, water hammer, wave celerity
[1] Tani, S. & Mambretti, S., Tecniche di Buona Condotta. 2018 (in Italian)
[2] Matthews, J.C., Selvakumar, A. & Condit, W., Demonstration of an innovative waterrehabilitation technology in Cleveland, OH, In American Water Works AssociationAnnual Conference and Exposition 2012, ACE 2012, 2012.
[3] Omara, A.-A.M., Analysis of cured-in-place pipes (CIPP) installed in circular and ovaldeteriorated host pipes, 1997.
[4] Mambretti, S., Water Hammer Simulations. Southampton: WIT Press, Ashurst Lodge,Ashurst (Southampton), 2014.
[5] Halliwell, A.R., Velocity of a water hammer wave in anelastic pipe. ASCE Journal ofthe Hydraulics Division, 89, pp. 1–21, 1963.
[6] Streeter, V.L., Discussion of Halliwell A.R. 1963 Velocity of a water-hammer wave inanelastic pipe. ASCE Journal of the Hydraulics Division, 89, pp. 295–296, 1963.
[7] Rieutord, E., Transient response of fluid viscoelastic lines. ASME Journal of FluidsEngineering, 104, pp. 335–341, 1982. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3240843
[8] Wylie, E.B., Suo, L., & Streeter, V.L., Fluid Transients in Systems. Prentice Hall, 1993.
[9] Ghidaoui, M.S., Zhao, M., Mclnnis, D.A. & Axworthy, D.H., A review of water hammertheory and practice. Applied Mechanics Reviews, 58, pp. 49–76, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1828050
[10] Rubinov, S.I. & Keller, J.B., Wave propagation in a fluid-filled tube. Journal of the AcousticalSociety of America, 50, pp. 198–223, 1971. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1912620
[11] Rubinov, S.I. & Keller, J.B. Wave propagation in viscoelastic tube containing a viscousfluid. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 88, pp. 181–203, 1978. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022112078002049
[12] Lavooij, C.S.W. & Tijsseling, A.S., Fluid–structure interaction in liquid-filled pipingsystems. Journal of Fluids and Structures, 5, pp. 573–595, 1991. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0889-9746(05)80006-4
[13] Tijsseling, A.S. Fluid-structure interaction in liquid-filled pipe systems: a review.Journal of Fluids and Structures, 10, pp. 109–146, 1996. https://doi.org/10.1006/jfls.1996.0009
[14] Hachem, F.E. & Schleiss, A.J. A review of wave celerity in frictionless and axisymmetricalsteel-lined pressure tunnels. Journal of Fluids and Structures, 27, pp. 311–328,2011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2010.11.009
[15] Corigliano, A., Taliercio, Meccanica Computazionale – Soluzione del problema elasticolineare. 2005. (in Italian)
[16] Xia, M., Takayanagi, H. & Kemmochi, K., Analysis of multi-layered filament-woundcomposite pipes under internal pressure. Compos. Struct, 53(4), pp. 483–491, 2001.https://doi.org/10.1016/s0263-8223(01)00061-7
[17] Shou, K.J. & Chen, B.C., Numerical analysis of the mechanical behaviors of pressurizedunderground pipelines rehabilitated by cured-in-place-pipe method. Tunn.Undergr. Sp. Technol., 2018.
[18] C M BEASY Ltd., BEASY Userguide 10.0r20. 2020.
[19] Anderson, A., Menabrea’s Note on Waterhammer: 1858. ASCE J Hydraul Div, 1976.
[20] Frega, G., Costanzo, C. & Frega, F., Water Hammer in water distribution systems. Ital.J. Eng. Geol. Environ., 2018.
[21] Hall, J.W., Boyce, S.A., Wang, Y., Dawson, R.J., Tarantola, S. & Saltelli, A., Sensitivityanalysis for hydraulic models. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering. 2009.
[22] Baker, T. J., Mesh generation: Art or science? Progress in Aerospace Sciences. 2005.
[23] Tijsseling, A.S. & Lavooij, C.S.W., Waterhammer with fluid-structure interaction. Appl.Sci. Res., 1990.
[24] Jaeger, C., Fluid transients in hydro-electric engineering practice, 1977.
[25] Jamshed S., Introduction to CFD. In Using HPC for Computational Fluid Dynamics,2015.
[26] Fallis, A., Turbulence Modelling for CFD. J. Chem. Inf. Model., 2013.
[27] Al-Baali, A.G. & Farid, M., Fundamentals of Computational Fluid Dynamics. In FoodEngineering Series, 2006.