OPEN ACCESS
We investigated gas–particle flows by using the three-dimensional incompressible Navier–Stokes equation with the immersed boundary method (IBM) to treat particles–wall collisions. We compared flow structures from the two-way coupled simulation with the one-way simulation that is usually used in the industrial simulation. In this study, all objectives, which are particles and walls, are defined by the level-set function for the ghost-cell method of the IBM. The proposed algorithms to represent particle–particle and particle–wall collisions are simple and stable for the coupling simulation. More- over, flow structures obtained with the coupled simulation of the moving, colliding and rebounding particles are in good agreement with the previous numerical and experimental results. The one-way and two-way coupling simulations were carried out based on a number of particles of 50, 100 and 200, respectively. As a result, the one-way scheme indicated more frequently collisions on the particle and wall than the two-way scheme. The reason is that the one-way scheme ignored the particle–flow interactions.
immersed boundary method, particle–wall collisions
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