OPEN ACCESS
For over 20 years, we have followed a line of research that seeks to propose models for architecture which minimize the environmental impact caused by both its construction as its use. We understand that, in order to reduce the environmental impact produced by current constructions, it is necessary to change the way they are designed and built.
The followed process has been firstly focused on the search for geometries constructed with adequate materiality which would provide effective architectural solutions with a minimum consumption of material (lightweight solutions). Secondly, we have experienced quick assembly and disassembly procedures (deployable mesh, modular systems, etc.) that reduced the assembly time of the proposed systems and, therefore, will minimize the impact (quick assembly/reversibility). Finally, it has been possible to relate the proposed models (lightweight, quick assembly and reversible) with tools for life- cycle assessment which allow accurately assess the environmental impact of them.
The use and development of LCA tools has allowed us to optimize the proposed models. In addition, in the described process, original parametric control tools (geometry and processes) have been used. They allow to particularize the proposed models to each case based on their possibilities of manufacture.
The way followed by several made works, which are applications of the proposed models, will be described then.
architecture, life cycle assessment, lightweight, quick assembly, reversible, sustainability
[1] Gómez de Cózar, J.C., Sistema para la construcción de estructuras estéreas de dos capas, desplegables, formadas por mallas de rombos y aspas multianguladas. Patente de invención. Nº de publicación 2152787, Julio, 2001.
[2] García Diéguez, R. & Gómez de Cózar, J.C., Florin system. Double layer spatial deployable structures. Proceeding of the IUTAM-IASS Symposiun, Cambridge, 1998.
[3] Gómez de Cózar, J.C., García Diéguez, R., System for the construction of double-layer deployable structures: processes of formal definition. Proceeding of the III Interna-tional Conference on Mobile and Rapidly Assembled Structures, Madrid, 2000.
[4] Akgun, Y. (aut.), Prof. Dr.-Ing. E.h. Werner Sobek & Prof. Dr.-Ing. Balthasar Novak (dir.), A novel transformation model for deployable scissor- hinge structures. Universi-tat Stuttgart. Institut fur Leichtbau Entwerfen und Konstruieren. 2010.
[5] Buckminster Fuller, R., El capitán etéreo y otros escritos. Colección de arquitectura, 46. Colegio Oficial de Arquitectos Técnicos y Aparejadores de la Región de Murcia, 2003.
[6] Prouvé, J., Une architecture par l’industrie. Les Editions d’Architecture Artemis. Zurich, 1971.
[7] Arquitectura Viva 42. TECNÓFILOS. Foster, Grimshaw, Hopkins, Rogers: la tradición británica. V-VI 1995.
[8] Adalberth, K., Energy use during the life cycle of buildings: a method, Building and Environment, 32(4), pp. 317–320, 1997.
https:/doi.org/10.1016/S0360-1323(96)00068-6
[9] García Martínez, A., Análisis del ciclo de vida (ACV) de edificios: propuesta metodológica para la elaboración de Declaraciones Ambientales de Viviendas en Anda-lucía, Universidad de Sevilla, 2010
[10] Gómez de Cózar, J.C. et al, Mallas y Entramados para la Arquitectura. Proc. of the II Jornadas de Investigación en Construcción. Madrid, 2008.
[11] Gómez de Cózar, J.C. & Ariza López, I., Sistema Constructivo de Muro de Contención y de Carga Estanco Mediante Malla Estérea y Paneles Prefabricados. Patente de inven-ción. Nº de publicación 2441123, Septiembre, 2014.
[12] Nd_Arquitectos, avaliable at: www.ndarquitectos.com.
[13] Gómez de Cózar, J.C., et al, Integration and balance: searching shapes. Proceeding of the International Conference on Textile Composites and Inflatable Structures, Stuttgart, Germany, 2009.
[14] Riley T., Light constructions the Museum of Modern Art, New York, 1995.
[15] Berchon, M. & Bertier, L., La impresión, 3d. Gustavo Gili Eds., 2016.
[16] Friedman, Y., La arqitectura móvil. Poseidón S.L., 2013.
[17] Gómez de Cózar, J.C. (ed.), MIATD 2009-2010. Cuaderno 1_Fabricación de Modelos para la Arquitectura. Sevilla, 2011.
[18] Gómez de Cózar, J.C. et al, El Edificio Como Obra de Montaje: Fuentes y Herramien-tas. Proceeding of the II Jornadas Sobre Investigacion en Arquitectura y Urbanismo, Sant Cugat del Valles, Barcelona.
[19] Ordóñez Martín, M., Objetos arquitectónicos al servicio de la rehabilitación e interpretación del Patrimonio: Aspectos constructivos, movilidad y sostenibilidad. Aplicación a la cobertura temporal de yacimientos arqueológicos. Trabajo Fin de Mas-ter. Universidad de Sevilla. 2011.
[20] Ecoinvent, 2016, available at: http://www.ecoinvent.org/database/database.html.
[21] EN 15804:2012+A1:2014. Sustainability of construction works – Environmental prod-uct declarations – Core rules for the product category of construction products, CEN, Brussels, 2014.
[22] Galán Marín, C., Rivera Gómez, C. & García Martínez, A., Use of natural-fiber bio-composites in construction versus traditional solutions: operational and embodied energy assessment. Materials, 9(6), 2016.
https:/doi.org/10.3390/ma9060465