© 2021 IIETA. This article is published by IIETA and is licensed under the CC BY 4.0 license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
OPEN ACCESS
Healthcare waste (HCW) generation is influenced by myriad of factors. This paper presents empirical results on the factors that influence health care waste generation at Ehlanzeni District Municipality. In assessing these factors, the paper begins by examining the concept of HCW, their implication and classification criteria. Empirical data from 57 healthcare facilities were collected and analysed through descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings of this study confirmed, among others that the number of patients served per day (inpatients and outpatients), the number of personnel (staff), have an influence on the amount of HCW generated per day per kg, at different correlational levels. The number of patients served per day have proved a strong correlation with the amount of HCW generated per day per kg, as compared to the number of personnel. Among other findings, the study revealed that there are numerous factors that influence HCW generation at varying the degrees.
healthcare waste, healthcare waste definitions, healthcare waste management, general healthcare waste, hazardous healthcare waste
[1] Acharya, A., Gokhale, V.A and Joshi, D. (2014). Impact of Biomedical waste on city Environment: Case Study of Pune India. Journal of Applied Chemistry, 6(6), 21-27.
[2] Alessandra, C. and Belgiorno, V. (2017). “Sustainability of medical waste management in different sized health care facilities.” Waste and biomass valorization, 8 (5), 1819-1827.
[3] Ali, M., Wang, W. and Chaudhry, N., 2016. Management of wastes from hospitals: A case study in Pakistan. Waste Management & Research, 34(1), pp.87-90.
[4] Alwabr, G.M., Al-Mikhlafi, A.S., Al-Hakimi, S.A. and Dughish, M.A., 2016. Determination of medical waste composition in hospitals of Sana’a city, Yemen. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management, 20(2), pp.343-347.
[5] Aseweh Abor, P., 2013. Managing healthcare waste in Ghana: a comparative study of public and private hospitals. International journal of health care quality assurance, 26(4), pp.375-386.
[6] Askarian, M., Heidarpoor, P., Assadian, O., 2009. A total quality management approach to healthcare waste management in Namazi Hospital, Iran. Waste Management 30 (2010) 2321–2326.
[7] Awodele, O., Adewoye, A.A. and Oparah, A.C. (2016). Assessment of medical waste management in seven hospitals in Lagos, Nigeria. BMC Public Health, 16 (269).
[8] Capoor, M.R. and Bhowmik, K.T. (2017). Current perspective on biomedical waste management: rules, conventions and treatment technologies. Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology, 35(2), 157-164.
[9] Creswell JW, Hanson WE, Clark VLP and Morales A. 2009. Qualitative research designs: Selection and implementation, The Counselling Psychologist, 2 (35): 236-264.
[10] Creswell JW. 2009. In: Creswell, J.A. Educational research: Planning, conducting and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research, 3rd Ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.
[11] Creswell, J. W., Hanson, W. E., Clark, V. L. P. and Morales, A. (2009). Qualitative research designs: selection and implementation. The Counselling Psychologis, 35, 236-264.
[12] Gibbs GR. 2007. Analysing qualitative data, Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.
[13] Hameed, K., Riaz, O. U., Minallah, M.N. and Munawar, H. (2017). Types of Hospital Waste and Waste Generation Rate in Different Hospitals of Faisalabad City, Pakistan. Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 13, 386-391.
[14] Hayleeyesus, S.F. and Cherinete, W., 2016. Healthcare waste generation and manage-ment in public healthcare facilities in Adama, Ethiopia. Journal of Health and Pollution, 6(10), pp.64-73.
[15] Joseph, L. and Paul, H. (2015). Biomedical Waste Management: Study on the aware-ness and practice among healthcare workers in a tertiary teaching hospital. Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology, 33(1), 129-131.
[16] Keller, G. (2014). Statistics for Management and Economics (10 ed.). Canada: Cengage Learning.
[17] Kumar, R., Gupta, A.K., Aggarwal, A.K. and Kumar, A. (2014). A descriptive study on evaluation of bio-medical waste management in a tertiary care public hospital of North India. Journal of Environmental Health Science & Engineering, 12(69).
[18] Leedy PD and Ormrod JE. 2010. Practical research: Planning and design, 9th ed. Up-per Saddle River, NJ: Merrill Prentice Hall.
[19] Leedy, P. D., & Ormrod, J. E. (2010). Practical research planning and design 9th ed. United State of America: Pearson Education Limited.
[20] Machete, F. Hongoro, C, Nhamo, G and Mearns, KF. 2015. Influence of energy saving on the quality of lighting services on selected hotels in Mpumalanga, Republic of South Africa. African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development. 7 (4) 301-305 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20421338.2015.1082369.
[21] Mazloomi, S., Zarei, A., Alavasvan, S., Farhad, D., Nourmoradi, P. and Bonyadi, Z. (2018). Analysis of quality and quantity of health-care wastes in clinical laboratories: a case study of Ilam city. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 71, 216-225.
[22] Mbarki, A., Kabbachi, B., Ezaidi, A. and Benssaou, M., 2013. Medical waste management: A case study of the souss-massa-draa region, morocco. Journal of Environmental Protection, 4(9), p.914.
[23] Minoglou, M. and Komilis, D. (2018). Describing health care waste generation rates using regression modeling and principal component analysis. Waste Management, 78, 811-818. M. Machate et al., Int. J. Environ. Impacts, Vol. 4, No. 4 (2021) 349
[24] Mohseni-Bandpei, A., Majlesi, M., Rafiee, M., Nojavan, S., Nowrouz, P. and Zolfagharpour, H. (2019). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) formation during the fast pyrolysis of hazardous health-care waste. Chemosphere, 227, 277-288.
[25] Mouton J. 2013. How to succeed in your masters and doctoral studies: A South African guideline and resource book. Cape Town: Van Schaik.
[26] Mouton, J. (2013). How to succeed in your masters and doctoral studies: A South Af-rican guideline and resource book. Cape Town: Van Schaik Publishers.
[27] Muhwezi, L., Kaweesa, P., Kiberu, F. and Eyoku, L. E. (2014). Health care waste man-agement in Uganda: A case study of Soroti regional referral hospital. International Journal of Waste Management and Technology, 2(2), 1–12.
[28] Nemathaga, F., S. Maringa, and L. Chimuka. (2008). “Hospital solid waste management practices in Limpopo Province, South Africa: A case study of two hospitals.” Waste Management (New York, N.Y.) 28 (7): 1236–45. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2007.03.033. PMID:18060760
[29] Rajan, R., Robin, D.T., Vandanarani, M. (2018). Biomedical waste management in Ayurveda hospitals - current practices & future prospective. Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, XXX, (1-8).
[30] Ramírez, C. and Gonzalez, E. (2019). Methodological proposal for the inter-institution-al management of wastes in health care centers in Uruguay. MethodsX, 6, pp.71-81.
[31] Shakiba, M. and Mohagheghian, A., 2018. Hospital waste generation and management status in Rasht, north of Iran. Caspian Journal of Health Research, 3(1), pp.20-23.
[32] William, F., & Mohamed, S. B. (2012). A guide to managing research. Cape Town: Juta & Co Ltd.
[33] Windfield, E. and Brooks, M. (2015). Medical waste management - A review. Journal of Environmental Management, 163, 98-108.
[34] World Health Organisation. (2005). Management of solid healthcare waste at primary healthcare centres. A decision-making guide. Geneva: WHO. (ISBN 92 4 1592475).
[35] Xiao, F. (2018). A novel multi-criteria decision-making method for assessing healthcare waste treatment technologies based on numbers. Engineering Applications of Arti-ficial Intelligence, 71, 216-225.
[36] Cheng, Y.W., Sung,F.C., Yang, Y., Lo, Y.H., Chung, Y.T., Li, K.C. (2009)Medical waste production at hospitals and associated factors. Waste Management, 29, 440-444.
[37] Tabasi, R. and Marthandan, G., 2013. Clinical waste management: A review on important factors in clinical waste generation rate. International Journal of Science and Technology, 3(3), pp.194-200.
[38] Eker, H.H. and Bilgili, M.S., 2011. Statistical analysis of waste generation in healthcare services: a case study. Waste Management & Research, 29(8), pp.791-796.
[39] Patwary, M.A., O’Hare, W.T., Street, G., Elahi, K.M., Hossain, S.S. and Sarker, M.H., 2009. Quantitative assessment of medical waste generation in the capital city of Bang-ladesh. Waste management, 29(8), pp.2392-2397.
[40] Komilis, D., Fouki, A. and Papadopoulos, D., 2012. Hazardous medical waste generation rates of different categories of health-care facilities. Waste Management, 32(7), pp.1434-1441.
[41] Jovanovic,V., Jovanovic, D., Matic,B., Djonovic, N. (2016). The influence of healthcare factors on medical waste management in Serbian hospital facilities.
[42] Hayleeyesus,S.F. and Cherinete, W. (2016). Healthcare Waste Generation and Management in Public Healthcare Facilities in Adama, Ethiopia. Journal of Health Pollution 10: 64–73 (2016).
[43] Debere, M.K., Gelaye, K.A., Alamdo, A.G. and Trifa, Z.M.(2013).Assessment of the health care waste generation rates and its management system in hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2011. BMC Public Health, 13:28.
[44] Haylamicheal, D.I, Dalvie, A.M, Yirsaw, D.B, Zegeye, A.H (2011). Assessing the management of healthcare waste in Hawassa city, Ethiopia. Waste Management & Research 29(8) 854–862.
[45] Mato, M. and Kaseva, E. (1999). Critical review of industrial and medical waste practices in Dar es Salaam City. Resources, Conservation and Recyclin 25, 271–287.