Real-time plug-in electric vehicle charging strategies for current and voltage unbalance minimization

Real-time plug-in electric vehicle charging strategies for current and voltage unbalance minimization

Julian A. Fernandez Delphine Riu Seddik Bacha Marc Paupert Ahmad Hably 

GIPSA-Lab Grenoble Images Parole Signal Automatique Laboratoire, University of Grenoble Alpes, 11 rue des Mathématiques, BP46, 38402 Saint Martin D’Hères, France

G2ELab Grenoble Electrical Engineering Laboratory, University of Grenoble Alpes, France

Schneider Electric R&D, 31 rue Pierre Mendes France, 38320 EYBENS, France

Corresponding Author Email: 
fernandjul@gmail.com, delphine.riu@g2elab.grenoble-inp.fr, marc.paupert@schneider-electric.com, ahmad.hably@gipsa-lab.grenoble-inp.fr
Page: 
271-298
|
DOI: 
https://doi.org/10.3166/JESA.49.271-298
Received: 
N/A
| |
Accepted: 
N/A
| | Citation
Abstract: 

Plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) have been proposed as one of the solutions to reduce transportation dependency on oil. Nevertheless, if PEVs are introduced as a new load on the grid without any charging strategy, the grid's power quality will be deteriorated. Among the power quality parameters, current and voltage unbalances would be affected. This paper proposes a real-time strategy in order to minimize the current unbalance factor (CUF) caused by PEVs and housing on a common connection point (CCP) in a residential network. As a consequence of the CUF minimization, the voltage unbalance factor (VUF) is significantly reduced. The CUF at a CCP is formulated as a function of the loads in-phase and quadrature currents (PEVs and householders included). This objective function is minimized under maximum rating and charging priority constraints using algorithm Active-set. The minimization process is a part of the strategy which consists in adapting the optimization problem in real-time to changing conditions such as PEV's arrival and departure times, PEV's battery capacity variety, a random initial state-of-charge (SOC) and the householder's consumption. The strategy was tested on a low voltage network simulated on Matlab ® /Simulink ®. Results show that the current balance index is increased more than 400%, the voltage unbalance index is reduced 17% and some of the CCPs in the electric network simulated, are re-balanced (based on the EN50160 standard's definition) thanks to the CUF minimization.

Keywords: 

Electric vehicle integration, V2G, current unbalance, voltage unbalance, smartgrid, convex optimization

1. Introduction
2. Current Unbalance Problem formulation
3. CUF minimization
4. Real-time CUF minimization strategy
5. Simulation of a low voltage network
6. Results and discussion
7. Conclusions and future work
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