OPEN ACCESS
The students spend most of their time after homes in their classroom, where indoor air conditions, thermal and visual comfort are not often adequate. Therefore, students’ health and performance may get worse. This implies the need to experiment with new tools that enable an integrated approach for school buildings’ indoor environment evaluation. They are based on the innovative use of Information Communication Technology (ICT) in order to involve actively users in the improvement process of indoor comfort of their school and to manage the complexity of the information as well as to make it easily accessible to all stakeholders. Since students can play an important role in promoting energy saving actions within their family and community, it was carried out a work-related learning project that involved directly high school students to monitor their indoor comfort (CO2 concentration, lighting and thermal measurements) from an objective and subjective point of view. The paper aims at presenting the results of the work-related learning project through a technical virtual tour, created also by drone as a tool to educate but also to help stakeholders to evaluate comfort problems and energy efficiency as well as to find possible improvement measures.
energy efficiency, indoor comfort, ICT, SAPR, school building, virtual tour
The authors thank the school principal and the teaching staff of the high school E. Fermi - Bari, and especially all the students of the class 3rd G (School year 2015/2016) who participated with enthusiasm and curiosity in the ASL project "Energy Audit of The School" proposed by the CNR (National Research Council). A special thanks to the students Roberto Aratri, Paola Pertosa, Matteo Rugge and Carmen Sisto for carrying on the project activities in School year 2016/2017.
ANSI/ASHRAE, Standard 55. (2013). Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy.
ANSI/ASHRAE, Standard 62.1. (2013). Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality". Atlanta, GA: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers.
Chaves F., Vieira A. C. V., Antunes J. M., Coelho C. C. (2016). Indoor air quality, thermal comfort and energy efficiency constraints– case study for an educational building. 41st IAHS world congress Sustainability and Innovation for the Future, Albufeira, Algarve, Portugal, 2016, pp. 1-13.
Gagliano A., Nocera F., Faraci A. (2017). The Kyoto Rotating Fund as policies tool for climate change mitigation: the case study of an Italian school. Int J of Heat and Technology, Vol. 35, No. S1, pp. S159-S165. https://doi.org/10.18280/ijht.35Sp0122
Khatami N., Cook M. J., Firth S. K., and Hudleston N. (2013). Control of carbon dioxide concentration in educational spaces using natural ventilation, Int. J. of Ventilation, Vol. 11, No. 4, pp. 339-352. https://doi.org/10.1080/14733315.2013.11683992
Ierardi L., Liuzzi S., Stefanizzi P. (2017). Visual and energy performance of glazed office buildings in Mediterranean climate. Int J of Heat and Technology, Vol. 35, Special Issue 1, pp. S252-S260. https://doi.org/10.18280/ijht.35Sp0135
Lassandro P., Turi D. S. (2017). Energy efficiency and resilience against increasing temperatures in summer: the use of PCM and cool materials in buildings. Int J of Heat and Technology, Vol. 35, No. S1, pp. S307-S315. https://doi.org/10.18280/ijht.35Sp0142
Lerario A., Maiellaro N., Zonno M. (2010). Remote fruition of architectures: R&D and training experiences. The Second International Conference on Advances in Multimedia, Athens, Greece, 13-19 June 2010, Editors: L. Boszormenyi, D. Burdescu, P. Davies, D. Newell, pp. 49-54.
Mardaljevic J., Andersen M., Roy N., Christoffersen J., Gateway T., Enac E., Lipid I. A. (2012). Daylighting metrics: Is there a relation between useful daylight illuminance and daylight glare probability? In Proceedings of the Building Simulation and Optimization Conference BSO12, Loughborough, UK, September 2012.
Marrone P., Gori P., Asdrubali F., Evangelisti L., Calcagnini L., Grazieschi G. (2018). Energy benchmarking in educational buildings through cluster analysis of energy retrofitting. J Energies, Vol. 11, No. 3. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11030649
Moreno M. B. P., and Labarca C. Y. (2015). Methodology for assessing daylighting design strategies in classroom with a climate-based method. Sustainability, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 880-897. https://doi.org/10.3390/su7010880
Nabil A., Mardaljevic J. (2006). Useful daylight illuminances: a replacement for daylight factors. J Energy and Buildings, Vol. 38, No. 7, pp. 905-913. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2006.03.013
Nabil A., Mardaljevic J. (2015). Useful daylight illuminance: a new paradigm for assessing daylight in buildings. Lighting Research and Technology, Vol. 37, No. 1, https://doi.org/10.1191/1365782805li128oa
Negro E., Cardinale N., Rospi G. (2017). Technical feasibility of heating systems for two school districts in the town of Matera. Int J of Heat and Technology, Vol. 35, No. 4, pp. 1051-1060. https://doi.org/10.18280/ijht.350442
Thiyagarajan V., Tamizharasan T., Senthilkumar N., Karthikeyan B. (2018). Enhancing human comfort and improving illuminance level in smart class room through optimization approach. J. of Advanced Engineering Research, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 20-30.
Tundo A., Lassandro P., Galietti U. (2013). Improving environmental comfort and energy saving in school buildings: A case study with the students' participation. in CESB 2013: Sustainable Building and Refurbishment for Next Generations, Prague, Czech Republic, 2013, pp. 863-866.
UNI 10339. (1995). Impianti aeraulici a fine di benessere. Generalità, classificazione e requisiti. Regole per la richiesta d'offerta, l'offerta, l'ordine e la fornitura.
UNI EN 12464-1. (2011). Light and lighting - Lighting of work places - Part 1: Indoor work places,
UNI EN 15251. (2008). Indoor environmental parameters for assessment of energy performance of buildings, addressing indoor air quality, thermal environment, lighting and acoustics.
UNI EN 15758. (2010). Conservation of Cultural Property - Procedures and instruments for measuring temperatures of the air and the surfaces of objects.
UNI EN 16242. (2013). Conservation of Cultural Heritage - Procedures and Instruments for Measuring Humidity in the Air and Moisture Exchanges Between Air and Cultural Property.
Yang Z., Becerik-Gerber B., Mino L. (2013). A study on student perceptions of higher education classrooms: Impact of classroom attributes on student satisfaction and performance. Building and Environment, Vol. 70, pp. 171-188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2013.08.030