OPEN ACCESS
After more than a decade of development, eco-industrial parks (EIPs) have made significant progress in saving resources and protecting the environment in China. Meanwhile, many problems have emerged, such as poor stability, poor profitability and weak eco-industrial chains, which have impeded the EIP’s sustainable development. Faced with variable environmental practices and limited resources and capital, EIPs need to address suitable environmental practices seriously to configure resources reasonably and ultimately realize sustainable development. Therefore, based on an analysis of the elements of environmental practice and sustainable development level, this article aims at identifying those environmental practices that can improve the sustainable development level of EIPs and to analyze the impact of those different environmental practices on the sustainable development level of EIPs using factor analysis and analytic hierarchy process. The results could provide theoretical guidance and reference for decision-making to Chinese government and administration committees of EIPs for choosing and implementing environmental practices.
eco-industrial parks (EIPs), environmental practice, the sustainable development level
[1] Li, G.C., Zhou, J.M., Xu, S.X. & Liu, R.Z., The present situation and countermeasure of Chinese ecological industrial park development. The Retrieval of the Agriculture in Taiwan, 3,pp. 23–26, 2009.
[2] He, P.Z., The exploration and thinking of modern ecological industrial park planning and construction. Sichuan Building Materials, 35(4), pp. 93–95, 2009.
[3] President’s Council on Sustainable Development, Eco-industrial Park Workshop proceedings, President’s Council on Sustainable Development, Washington, DC, 1996.
[4] Zhu, Q.H. & Yang, Q.H., The empirical research of enterprises’ environmental practice and its influencing factors in the construction of Chinese ecological industrial park. Management Review, 25(3), pp. 119–126, 2013.
[5] Geng, Y., Zhang, P., Cote, R. & Fujita, T., Assessment of the national eco-industrial park standard for promoting industrial symbiosis in China. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 13(1), pp.15–26, 2008. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-9290.2008.00071.x
[6] Zhu, L., Zhou, J. & Cui, Z., A method of controlling enterprises access to an eco-industrial park. Science of the Total Environment, 408(20), pp. 4817–4825, 2010. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.06.035
[7] Shang, H., The stability evaluation of eco-industrial parks. Science Research Management, 33(20), pp. 142–148, 2012.
[8] Wang, Z., Shi, L., Xu, Y. & Hu, D., Analysis of Misuse of eco-industrial park concept in environmental policy in China. Environmental Science & Technology, 32(11), pp. 195–200, 2009.
[9] WCED (World Commission on Environment and Development), Our Common Future (Brundtland Report), Oxford University Press: New York, NY, 1987.
[10] Moldan, B., Janouskova, S. & Hak, T., How to understand and measure environmental sustainability: indicators and targets. Ecological Indicators, 17, pp. 4–13, 2012. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2011.04.033
[11] UNSGHLPS, United Nations Secretary-General’s High Level Panel on Global Sustainability Resilient People, Resilient Planet: a Future Worth Choosing, United Nations: New York, 2012.
[12] Lorek, S. & Spangenberg, J.H., Sustainable consumption within a sustainable economy-beyond green growth and green economies. Journal of Cleaner Production, 63, pp. 33–44, 2014. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.08.045
[13] Li, H.D., Wang, S.Y. & Zhao, D.T., Research on the ability of regional industrial sustainable development: from the perspective of “two-oriented” society. American Journal of Operation Research, 2, pp. 442–447, 2012. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajor.2012.23052
[14] Jiao, W.T. & Boons, F., Toward a research agenda for policy intervention and facilitation to enhance industrial symbiosis based on a comprehensive literature review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 67, pp. 14–25, 2014. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.12.050
[15] Bonilla, S.H., Almeida, C.M.V.B., Giannetti, B.F. & Huisingh, D., The roles of cleaner production in the sustainable development of modern societies: an introduction to this special issue. Journal of Cleaner Production, 18, pp. 1–5, 2010. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2009.09.001
[16] Li, W.Q. & Chen, X., Overview of studies of the new industrialization theory. Shanghai Economic Review, 5, pp. 16–24, 2011.
[17] Ronchi, E., Federico, A. & Musmeci, F., A system oriented integrated indicator for sustainable development in Italy. Ecological Indicators, 2, pp. 197–210, 2002. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1470-160x(02)00045-6
[18] Mu, H.F., Feng, X. & Khim, H.C., Improved energy indices for the evaluation of industrial systems incorporating waste management. Ecological Engineering, 37, pp. 335–342, 2011. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2010.11.026
[19] Quoc, C.N. & Fei, Y., Study and evaluation on sustainable industrial development in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam. Journal of Cleaner Production, 86, pp. 389–402, 2015. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.08.087
[20] Erkman, S., Industrial ecology: a historical view. Journal of Cleaner Production, 5(1–2), pp. 1–10, 1997. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0959-6526(97)00003-6
[21] O’Rourk, D., Connelly, L. & Koshland, C., Industrial ecology: a critical review. International Journal o f Environment and Pollution, 6(2–3), pp. 89–112, 1996.
[22] Heeres, R.R., Vermeulen,W.J.V. &de Walle F.B., Eco-industrial park initiatives in the USA and the Netherlands: first lessons. Journal o f Cleaner Production, 12(8-10), pp. 985–995, 2004. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2004.02.014
[23] Chertow, M., “Uncovering” industrial symbiosis. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 11(1), pp. 11–30, 2007. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jiec.2007.1110
[24] Lombardi, R. & Laybourn. P., Redefining industrial symbiosis: crossing academic-practitioner boundaries. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 16(1), pp. 28–37, 2012. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-9290.2011.00444.x
[25] Van Berkel, R., Quantifying sustainability benefits of industrial symbiosis. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 14(3), pp. 371–373, 2010. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-9290.2010.00252.x
[26] Oh, D.S., Kim, K.B. & Jeong, S.Y., Eco-industrial park design: a Daedeok Technovalley case study. Habitat International, 29(2), pp. 269–284, 2005. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2003.09.006
[27] Boix, M., Montastruc, L., Azzaro-Pantel, C. & Serge, D., Optimization methods applied to the design of eco-industrial parks: a literature review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 87, pp. 303–317, 2015. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.09.032
[28] Deutz, P. & Gibbs, D., Industrial ecology and regional development: eco-industrial development as a cluster policy. Regional Studies, 42(10), pp. 1313–1328, 2008. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00343400802195121
[29] Taddeo, R., Simboli, A. & Morgante, A., Implementing eco-industrial parks in existing clusters. Findings from a historical Italian chemical site. Journal of Cleaner Production, 33, pp. 22–29, 2012. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.05.011
[30] Matarrita-Cascantea, D., Sene-Harpera, A. & Stocks, G., International amenity migration: examining environmental behaviors and influences of amenity migrants and local residents in a rural community. Journal of Rural Studies, 38, pp. 1–11, 2015. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2015.01.005
[31] Meng, Q.F., Li, Z. & Sheng, Z.H., The research situation and development trend enterprise environment practice affecting factors. Chinese Population, Resources and Environment, 20(9), pp. 100–106, 2010.
[32] Wang, H., Zhen, X.M. & Liu, F., The study of high and new technology industrial park ecological industrial park planning. Ecological Economy, 2, pp. 177–181, 2007.
[33] Boons, F.A.A. & Baas, L.W., Types of industrial ecology: the problem of coordination. Journal of Cleaner Production, 5(1–2), pp. 79–86, 1997. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0959-6526(97)00007-3
[34] Raymond, P. & Cote, T.S., Supporting pillars for industrial ecosystems. Journal of Cleaner Production, 5(1–2), pp. 67–74, 1997. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0959-6526(97)00016-4
[35] Brian, H.R., The application of industrial ecology principles and planning guidelines for the development of eco-industrial parks: an Australian case study. Journal of Cleaner Production, 12, pp. 997–1010, 2004. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2004.02.037
[36] Zhang, L., Yuan, Z. & Bi, J., Eco-industrial parks: national pilot practices in China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 18, pp. 504–509, 2010. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2009.11.018
[37] Yong, G. & Raymond, C., Environmental management systems at the industrial park level in China. Environmental Management, 31(6), pp. 784–794, 2003. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-002-2854-9
[38] Geng, Y., Zhang, P. & Sergio, U., Emerge analysis of an industrial park: the case of Dalian, China. Science of the Total Environment, 408, pp. 5273–5283, 2010. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.07.081
[39] Xiang, M. & Liu, F., Different subjects’ behavior way in the development of circular economy. Environmental Protection, 1, pp. 54–60, 2005.
[40] Li, Y.Y., The construction ways and management methods of industrial ecological system. Ecological Environment, 17(4), pp. 1701–1714, 2008.
[41] Zilahy, G., Organizational factors determining the implementation of cleaner production measure in the corporate sector. Journal of Cleaner Production, 12, pp. 11–319, 2004. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0959-6526(03)00016-7
[42] Chao, J., Ma, S.J. & Huang, Y.Z., The landscape construction of modern industrial park dominated by the Industry behavior. Ecological Economy, 5, pp. 128–131, 2012.
[43] Pierre, D., Cities and industrial symbiosis. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 5(4), pp. 29–44, 2002. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/10881980160084024
[44] Deng, H., The study of Chinese industry ecosystem stability influence factors, Dalian University of Technology Press: Dalian, 2006.
[45] Qu, Y., Liu, Y., Nayak, R.R. & Li, M., Sustainable development of eco-industrial parks in China: effects of managers’ environmental awareness on the relationships between practice and performance. Journal of Cleaner Production, 87, pp. 328–338, 2015. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.09.015
[46] Zhang, S.Q., The exploration of sustainable development environment index system. World Environment, 3, pp. 8–9, 1996.
[47] Chen, K., SPSS Statistical Analysis from the Entry to the Master, Tsinghua University Press: Beijing, 2010.
[48] Klaus, B., Bernd, E., Wulff, P., Wang, X. & Rolf, W., Multivariate statistical analysis, Gezhi Press and Shanghai People’s Publishing Press: Shanghai, 2008.
[49] Yu, J. & He, X., Statistical Analysis and Application, Beijing People’s Posts and Telecommunications Press: Beijing, 2003.
[50] Nunnally, J.C. & Berstein, I.H., Psychometric Theory, McGraw-Hall: New York, 1994.
[51] Qiu, H.Z., Quantitative Research and Statistical Analysis, Chongqing University Press: Chongqing, 2009.