OPEN ACCESS
The Brussels Environment Agency designed a decision-support tool (QUADEAU) for the sustainable management of stormwater in urban and developed areas. The tool aims to evaluate and compare alternative scenarios for reducing water runoff in public spaces inside any neighbourhood. QUADEAU is an easy to use tool for urban designers and watershed practitioners allowing the evaluation of the hydrological efficiency of any public space in a renovation or a new urban project designed with best management practices (BMP). It is a tool thought out to provide processes of optimization and selection of BMP to meet the hydrological objectives and the program needs of the public space project. This paper describes how QUADEAU is setup and how BMP are evaluated inside the tool. Any public space project is modelled in the tool by giving spe- cific characteristics of all areas of the project. Connections between surfaces of the project are introduced within the tool by creating flow networks. BMPs are selected according to site constraints and program requirements of the urban project before being designed by giving values to specific parameters for each BMP selected. The hydrological efficiency of the project, i.e. the amount of water that does not reach the outlet because it has been managed earlier in BMP, is evaluated during and after the design rain event. The tool gives the user the opportunity to optimize his project if the hydrological efficiency does not match the hydrological thresholds determined in function of the imperviousness of the neighbourhood, the type of project and the local hydrology.
Best management practices, design-support tool, modelling and simulation tool, sustainable storm-water management
[1] Vanhuysse, S., Depireux, J., Wolff, E. & ULB-IGEAT, Etude de l’évolution de l’imperméabilisation du sol en Région de Bruxelles-Capitale, Etude réalisée à la demande du Ministère de la Région de Bruxelles-Capitale, Administration de l’Equipement et des Déplacements/Direction de l’Eau, 60 pp., 2006.
[2] Roesner, L., Bledsoe, B. & Brashear, R., Are best-management-practice criteria really environmentally friendly? ASCE Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 27(3), pp. 150–154, 2001. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9496(2001)127:3(150)
[3] CIRIA C687, The SUDS Manual, CIRIA: London, 2007.
[4] Ministère du Développement durable, de l’Environnement, et des Parcs, Ministère des Affaires municipales, des Régions et de l’Occupation du territoire, MDDEP, MAMROT, Guide de gestion des eaux pluviales – Stratégies d’aménagement, principes de conception et pratiques de gestion optimales pour les réseaux de drainage en milieu urbain, 2012.
[5] Elliott, A.H. & Trowsdale, S.A., A review of models for low impact urban stormwater drainage. Environmental Modelling & Software, 22, pp. 394–405, 2007. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2005.12.005
[6] United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), National Stormwater Calculator User’s Guide – Version 1.1, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: Cincinnati, Ohio, available at http://www2.epa.gov/water-research/national-stormwater-calculator, 2014.
[7] Water Environment Research Foundation (WERF), WERF BMP Select Model – Version 2.0, Alexandria, Virginia, available at http://www.werf.org, 2013.
[8] Bruxelles Environnement (IBGE), Outil de gestion de l’eau de pluie à l’échelle du quartier, available at http://www.environnement.brussels/thematiques/ville-durable/les-quartiers-durables/les-outils/outil-de-gestion-de-leau-de-pluie?view_pro=1
[9] Romnée, A., De Bondt, K. & Mahaut, V., Sustainable stormwater management tool at the neighbourhood scale. In Urban Water II, WIT Press: Southampton, Boston, 2014.
[10] De Bondt, K. & Claeys, P., Urban hydrological landscapes in Brussels (Belgium): what can geosciences bring to stormwater management in cities. Landscape and Urban Planning, to be accepted, 2014.
[11] Rivard, G., Gestion des eaux pluviales en milieu urbain: concepts et applications, Alias communication design: Sainte-Dorothée, Québec, 1998.
[12] Azzout, Y., Cres, F.N., Barraud, S. & Alfaki, E., Techniques alternatives en assainissement pluvial: choix, conception, réalisation et entretien, ed. Lavoisier, Paris, p. 372, 1994.
[13] Musy, A. & Higy, C., Hydrologie: Tome 1, Une sciences de la nature, Vol. 21, PPUR presses polytechniques, 2004.
[14] Leeflang, M.J. & Monster, N.J., The design of infiltration and percolation facilities: literature review, Technische Universiteit Delft, 110 pp., 1995.