OPEN ACCESS
The paper aims to review some electromagnetic-thermal dosimetry methods for the assessment of human exposure to high frequency (HF) electromagnetic fields. The analysis approaches are based on certain integral/differential equation formulations and related numerical solution procedures for the calculation of specific absorption rate (SAR) and related temperature increase in a tissue. Illustrative computational examples for the human eye and the human brain exposed to HF electromagnetic fields are given in the paper. Also, some numerical results for the transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) are presented as an example of biomedical application of electromagnetic fields. The obtained numerical results for SAR are compared against exposure limits proposed by ICNIRP (International Commission on Non Ionizing Radiation Protection).
high frequency radiation, human brain, human exposure, human eye, specific absorption rate, temperature increase
[1] Hand, J.W., Modeling the interaction of electromagnetic fields (10 MHz–10 GHz) with the human body: methods and applications. Physics in Medicine and Biology, 53(16), pp. 243–286, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/53/16/R01
[2] Poljak, D., Electromagnetic fields: environmental exposure. In Encyclopedia of Environmental Health, ed. J.O. Nriagu, Elsevier: Burlington, 2, pp. 259–268, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-52272-6.00422-0
[3] Poljak, D., Cavka, D., Dodig, H., Peratta, C. & Peratta, A., On the use of boundary element analysis in bioelectromagnetics. Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements, 49, pp. 2–14, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enganabound.2014.02.008
[4] Singh, K.D., Longan, N.S. & Gilmartin, B., Three dimensional modeling of the human eye based on magnetic resonance imaging. Investigative Opthamology and Visual Science, 47, pp. 2272–2279, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/iovs.05-0856
[5] Hirata, A., Temperature increase in human eyes due to near-field and far-field exposures at 900 MHz, 1.5 GHz, and 1.9 GHz. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 47(1), pp. 68–76, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TEMC.2004.842113
[6] International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection, Guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields (up to 300 GHZ). Health Physics, 74(4), pp. 494–522, 1998.
[7] International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection, Guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric and magnetic fields (1 HZ – 100 kHZ). Health Physics, 99(6), pp. 818–836, 2010.
[8] Poljak, D., Human Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields, WIT Press: Southampton-Boston, 2003.
[9] Dodig, H., Poljak, D. & Peratta, A., Hybrid BEM/FEM edge element computation of the thermal rise in the 3D model of thehuman eye induced by high frequency em waves. International Conference on Software, Telecommunications and Computer Networks, Split, 2012.
[10] Poljak, D., Dodig, H., Cavka, D. & Peratta, A., Some numerical methods of thermal dosimetry for applications in bioelectromagnetics. Proceeding Heat Transfer, Split, Croatia, pp. 271–280, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/ht120231
[11] Fujimoto, M., Hirata, A., Wang, J., Fujiwara, O. & Shiozawa, T., FDTD-derived correlation of maximum temperature increase and peak SAR in child and adult head models due to dipole antenna. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 48(1), pp. 240–247, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TEMC.2006.870816
[12] Cvetković, M. & Poljak, D., An efficient integral equation based dosimetry model of the human brain. Proceeding of the 2014 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC Europe 2014), Gothenburg, Sweden, pp. 375–380, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/emceurope.2014.6930935
[13] Cvetković, M., Poljak, D. & Haueisen, J., Analysis of transcranial magnetic stimulation based on the surface integral equation formulation, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 62(6), pp. 1535–1545, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TBME.2015.2393557