Vincenzo La Rocca | Massimo Morale* | Giorgia Peri | Gianluca Scaccianoce
OPEN ACCESS
Climate change and energy consumption increasingly call for a better use of energy sources. Renewable sources are still growing in the power production of many countries, so leading to the reduction of CO2 emissions. Further restrictions will be applied to the use of fossil fuels with a lot of consequences; for example, some German cities are all contemplating bans related to diesel pollution, and on the other hand some of the biggest car producers are planning to stop the diesel engines production in a few years. At the same time, some restrictions are applied also to many refrigerating fluids, in order of limiting the ODP and GWP values. This restriction leads to research new fluids and/or to enhance the use of natural refrigerants. In this scenario, Energy Designers are called to conjugate energy needs with the environment safety. Main guidelines concern energy clean production basically obtained by means of renewables and energy saving. In this article authors consider a CCHP for a typical Mediterranean end user such as a large hotel, composed by an ORC linked to a refrigerator. Several working fluids, particularly natural fluids, which operate both in the ORC and in the refrigerator, are investigated.
CCHP combined cooling, heating and power, energy saving, hydrocarbons, low enthalpy sources, ORC, refrigerants
This work was carried out within the research project n. 201594LT3F, “La ricerca per i PAES: una piattaforma per le municipalità partecipanti al Patto dei Sindaci (Research for SEAP: a platform for municipalities taking part in the Covenant of Mayors)”, which is funded by the PRIN (Programmi di Ricerca Scientifica di Rilevante Interesse Nazionale) of the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research.
[1] Vad Mathiesen B, Duić N, Stadler I, Rizzo G, Guzović Z. (2012). The interaction between intermittent renewable energy and the electricity, heating and transport sectors. Energy 48: 406-414. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2012.10.001
[2] European Parliament (2014). Regulation (EU) No 517/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 on fluorinated greenhouse gases and repealing Regulation (EC) No 842/2006. Official Journal of the European Union 57(L150): 195-230. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=OJ:L:2014:150:TOC, accessed on Apr. 16, 2018.
[3] Ascione F, Bianco N, De Masi RF, Dousi M, Hionidis S, Kaliakos S, Mastrapostoli E, Nomikos M, Santamouris M, Synnefa A, Vanoli GP, Vassilakopoulou K. (2017). Design and performance analysis of a zero-energy settlement in Greece. International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies 12(2): 141-161. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijlct/ctw003
[4] Ashourian MH, Cherati SM, Mohd Zin AA, Niknam N, Mokhtar AS, Anwari M. (2013). Optimal green energy management for island resorts in Malaysia. Renewable Energy 51: 36-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2012.08.056
[5] Diab F, Lan H, Zhang L, Ali S. (2015). An environmentally-friendly tourist village in Egypt based on a hybrid renewable energy system-Part two: A net zero energy tourist village. Energies 8(7): 6945-6961. https://doi.org/10.3390/en8076945
[6] Mohammadi A, Kasaeian A, Pourfayaz F, Ahmadi MH (2017). Thermodynamic analysis of a combined gas turbine, ORC cycle and absorption refrigeration for a CCHP system. Applied Thermal Engineering 111: 397-406. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.09.098
[7] Lizarte R, Palacios-Lorenzo ME, Marcos JD. (2017). Parametric study of a novel organic Rankine cycle combined with a cascade refrigeration cycle (ORC-CRS) using natural refrigerants. Applied Thermal Engineering 127: 378-389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.08.063
[8] La Rocca V, Morale M, Peri G, Scaccianoce G. (2017). A solar pond for feeding a thermoelectric generator or an organic Rankine cycle system. International Journal of Heat and Technology 35(1): S435-S441. https://doi.org/10.18280/ijht.35Sp0159
[9] Dispenza C, Giaccone A, La Rocca V, Morale M, Panno G, Rizzo G, Scaccianoce G. (2009). Attività ANNO 2008-Relazione scientifica relativa all’attività svolta nel primo anno di attività - «Celle a combustibile per applicazioni stazionarie cogenerative (5.2.5.11)». Accordo di Programma MSE-CNR, Gruppo Celle a Combustibile (wp1) - Resp. Sc. Progr. Vincenzo Antonucci. Accordo di Collaborazione tra CNR-DET e DREAM dell’Università di Palermo Resp. Sc. DREAM: Celidonio Dispenza, Palermo, Italia - Technical report (in Italian).
[10] Colbourne D, Hühren R, Schrempf B. (2010). Guidelines for the safe use of hydrocarbon refrigerants. Proklima, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH, Eschborn, Germany: 320.
[11] F-Chart Software. EES Engineering Equation Solver. http://www.fchart.com/ees/, accessed on Apr. 16, 2018.
[12] Ebrahimi M, Ahookhosh K. (2016). Integrated energy-exergy optimization of a novel micro-CCHP cycle based on MGT-ORC and steam ejector refrigerator. Applied Thermal Engineering 102: 1206-1218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.04.015