© 2022 IIETA. This article is published by IIETA and is licensed under the CC BY 4.0 license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
OPEN ACCESS
Environmental problems have been increasing at a disproportionate rate, contributing to global warming, one of humanity’s greatest challenges. As stated in the latest report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ‘climate change is widespread, rapid and intensifying’ and there is certainty that this is a result of human activity. In this context, environmental social responsibility is fundamental to prevent, mitigate or repair the environmental damage generated by productive activity. This obliges us to take concrete actions and thus move from a linear economy approach to a circular economy approach that allows for sustainable development, where waste and pollution are eliminated from the design stage and materials are used for as long as possible. Chile must implement actions that allow it to meet the commitments obtained in its Nationally Determined Contribution of 2020, and move towards sustainable development. The Chilean case is interesting to study because it is a highly exposed and fragile country in the face of climate change. The purpose of this publication is to highlight the current problem of climate change and the threat it poses to our planet, to understand that the circular economy approach as a business model allows for a long-term solution to this problem, to understand the consequences of climate change in Chile and to know the current situation in terms of strategic planning at the country level in relation to the circular economy.
circular economy, climate change, greenhouse gases, recycling, sustainable development
[1] NASA, Global climate change: Global Temperature, available at https://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/global-temperature/ (accessed 06 January 2022).
[2] Ritchie, H., & Roser, M., COz and Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Our world in data, available at https://ourworldindata.org/greenhouse-gas-emissions, 2022 (accessed 09 January 2022).
[3] NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Trends in Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide, available at https://gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/trends/, 2022 (accessed 06 January 2022).
[4] WHO, The State of Greenhouse Gases in the Atmosphere Based on Global Observations through 2020, WMO Greenhouse Gas Bulletin, available at https://library.wmo.int/doc_num.php?explnum_id=10904, 17, 2021 (accessed 15 December 2021).
[5] Mena, M., Emisiones de CO2. Los países que más contaminan, available at https://es.statista.com/grafico/23395/paises-regiones-con-mayor-volumen-de-emisiones-de-dioxido-de-carbono/, 2021 (accessed 20 December 2021).
[6] Nations Unies, Conferencia de las Partes. Vigésimo primera sesión. FCCC/CP/2015/L.9. París, 30 de noviembre al 11 de diciembre de 2015, Convention-cadre sur les changements climatiques, París: ONU, available at https://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/cop21/spa/l09s.pdf, 2015 (accessed 18 December 2021).
[7] United Nations, Framework Convention on Climate Change, NDC Registry, available at http://unfccc.int/focus/ndc_registry/items/9433.php, 2016 (accessed 06 Januay 2022).
[8] Boletín 13.191-12, Proyecto de ley, iniciado en mensaje de S. E. el Presidente de la República, que fija Ley Marco de Cambio Climático, available at https://leycambioclimatico.cl/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/ProyectoLeyCC_13012020.pdf (accessed 06 January 2022).
[9] Allen, M., Dube, O.P., Solecki, W., Aragón-Durand, F., Cramer, W., Humphreys, S. & Mulugetta, Y., Global warming of 1.5° C. An IPCC Special Report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5° C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty. Sustainable Development, and Efforts to Eradicate Poverty, available at https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/2/2019/06/SR15_Full_Report_High_Res.pdf, 2018 (accessed 15 December 2021).
[10] Naciones Unidas. Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), La economía del Cambio Climático en Chile, available at https://repositorio.cepal.org/handle/11362/35372, 2012 (accessed on: 15 Dec. 2021.
[11] Vivanco, E, Cambio Climático: Conceptos e impactos. Asesoría Técnica Parlamentaria. Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional de Chile, available at https://obtienearchivo.bcn.cl/obtienearchivo?id=repositorio/10221/27848/1/CC_Conceptos_e_impactos_Website_CC_2019.pdf, 2019 (accessed 06 January 2022).
[12] Ministerio del Medio Ambiente (MMA), Atlas de Riesgos Climáticos, available at https://arclim.mma.gob.cl (accessed 15 January 2022).
[13] Scapini, V. & Berrios, P., Circular economy in Chile: Background, law and opportunities. WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, 253, WIT Press, 2021. doi:10.2495/SC210161.
[14] ONU, Nuestro futuro común, Alianza: Madrid, 1987.
[15] Pearce, D.W. & Turner, R.K. Economics of Natural Resources and the Environment, JHU press, 1990.
[16] Ellen MacArthur Foundation, available at https://www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/(accessed 13 December 2021).
[17] PROGRAMA DE LAS NACIONES UNIDAS PARA EL MEDIO AMBIENTE (UNEP), Convención Marco de las Naciones Unidas para el Cambio Climático, Ginebra, available at https://unfccc.int/resource/docs/convkp/convsp.pdf, 1992 (accessed 15 January 2022).
[18] Ministerio del Medio Ambiente (MMA), Resumen del Estado del Medio Ambiente para la Ciudadanía, available at https://sinia.mma.gob.cl/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Resumen-Ejecutivo-IEMA2020.pdf, 2020 (accessed 17 December 2021).
[19] Olivares, I, El país cumple siete de nueve criterios de vulnerabilidad frente al impacto del cambio climático, available at https://www.latercera.com/que-pasa/noticia/paiscumple-siete-nueve-criterios-vulnerabilidad-frente-al-impacto-del-cambio-climatico/428539/, 2018 (accessed 17 December 2021).
[20] Benavides, et al., Opciones para lograr la carbono-neutralidad en Chile, available at https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-03410019/file/Opciones-para-lograr-la-carbono-neutralidad-en-Chile-una-evaluacion-bajo-incertidumbre.pdf, 2021 (accessed 17 December 2021).
[21] Rojas, M., Aldunce, P., Farías, L., González, H., Marquet, P. A. & Vicuña, S., Evidencia científica y cambio climático en Chile: resumen para tomadores de decisiones, available at https://www.cr2.cl/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Evidencia-cient%C3%ADficay-cambio-clim%C3%A1tico-en-Chile.pdf, 2019 (accessed 15 January 2022).
[22] Ministerio de medio ambiente (MMA), Economía circular, available at https://mma.gob.cl/economia-circular (accessed 14 February 2021).
[23] Ministerio de medio ambiente (MMA), Hoja de Ruta para un Chile Circular al 2040, available at https://economiacircular.mma.gob.cl/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/HOJADE-RUTA-PARA-UN-CHILE-CIRCULAR-AL-2040-ES-VERSION-ABREVIADA.pdf (accessed 14 December 2021).
[24] Ministerio de medio ambiente (MMA), Hoja de Ruta RCD Economía Circular en Construcción 2035, available at https://construye2025.cl/download/187/documentosde-interes/6321/hoja-de-ruta-rcd-economia-circular-en-construccion.pdf (accessed 14 December 2021).
[25] AZA, Aceros AZA recicla más de 6 mil estufas en la Región Metropolitana, available at https://www.aza.cl/noticias/aceros-aza-recicla-mas-de-6-mil-estufas-en-la-region-metropolitana/(accessed 15 December 2021).
[26] Revaloriza, available at https://revalorizachile.cl/ (accessed 14 January 2022).
[27] Gonzalez, C., País Circular, Industria/Centro de tratamiento de RCD, 2021 abre conun hito en economía circular: así será la primera planta de valorización de residuos de la construcción en Chile, available at https://www.paiscircular.cl/industria/2021-abre-con-un-hito-en-economia-circular-asi-sera-la-primera-planta-de-valorizacion-deresiduos-de-la-construccion-en-chile/ (accessed 15 January 2021).
[28] Aqua, Economía circular: Recuperación y reciclaje de redes de pesca, available at https://www.aqua.cl/reportajes/economia-circular-recuperacion-y-reciclaje-de-redesde-pesca/# (accessed 15 January 2022).