The Virtual Tour Panorama as a Guide and Education Media of the Historic Objects at Datu Luwu Palace

2.1 Virtual tour

A virtual tour (also called a panoramic tour) is a simulation of a place that exists, usually consisting of a collection of panoramic photos, a collection of images connected by hyperlinks, or videos, and or a virtual model of the actual location [9]. You can also use other multimedia elements such as sound effects, music, narration, and writing [9]. Unlike the actual tour, the virtual tour is usually accessed through a desktop computer, information kiosk, or other electronic media [5].

Another opinion explains that the Virtual Tour is a demonstration of an area that includes various series. To create a 360-degree panoramic photo, it is necessary to suture or stitch the various series of images to be demonstrated in an area or environment [10]. With a virtual tour, it can provide an experience to its users like being in an area even though they are only sitting in front of a monitor screen [4].

Likewise, according to the research [11], Virtual Tour is a technique to deliver a virtual tourist experience using 360-degree images or videos that allow visitors to explore a location interactively.

Based on some of the opinions above, it can be concluded that Virtual Tour is a technology that combines a series of images or videos so that it displays a 360-degree panorama that can make users feel as if they are somewhere even if they are only in front of a monitor screen. Users can find out the information contained in a place even if they do not visit the location directly.

2.2 Panorama

A panorama is an image depicting a wide-angle view projected onto an outer layer of space, a circle, a cube shape, or any other surface that includes perspective [12]. This auspicious place, otherwise called the place of projection, is where we can imagine the observer's eye is located. The top hub is the shaft on which the direction of view is rotated so that the entire 360-degree climate can be seen. The method involved with creating a view can be divided into two stages: the projection of the eye onto some sort of projection surface, then at that moment, plotting that surface into a flat image, usually a square shape.

Various projections include panoramas, where the projection controls a two-dimensional (2D) medium into a three-dimensional (3D) structure to form a space that is then given View control from the first individual point of view so that it can overcome or virtualize the 2D Items that appear genuine to the application user. Types of projections that include panoramas include:

1. Cylindrical panorama

A cylindrical panorama is a view that takes the form of a roundabout like a cylinder. It consists of one image that is very wide or wide covering all environments. This type simulates as if the user is placed directly in the focal point of the circle, and the user can be able to see around on a flat plane, 360 degrees [13].

2. Spherical panorama

A spherical panorama is a panorama that looks round. It consists of an explicitly created overarching picture, so it can very well be shaped like a ball. This type simulates as if the user is placed right at the focal point of the ball, and allows the user to see openly in any direction [14].

3. Cube panorama

A panoramic cube is a 3D square-shaped image, consisting of 6 images, on each side of the shape. This type simulates as if the user is firmly placed in the middle of the block, and the user can be able to see six sides, namely front-back, left-right, and top-down [15].

2.3 PanoraGo

PanoraGo is a cloud-based virtual tour software, which helps create, supervise, manage, and filter a large number of virtual tours in just one account.

PanoraGo is equipped with features that will help create a virtual tour with the alluring, quality, and needed. Virtual tours from PanoraGo there are many advantages, for example, the ease of sharing via a link, QR Code, or embed into the website, having the option to install it on a server or hosting, many features, lightweight and fast and simple to share.

The advantages of using PanoraGo to create a virtual tour are as follows:

1. Full Features: Users can create impressive and interesting virtual tours with a wide variety of features in the PanoraGo.
2. Lightweight and Fast: The virtual tour is uploaded or loaded in background mode when the user navigates between one room and another.
3. Easy to Share: Users can share virtual tours in various forms such as links, QR Codes, embeds, and downloads.
4. Responsive: A virtual tour display that is responsive or adjusts on each device so that it can be accessed on various devices.
5. Reports: Comprehensive or comprehensive statistics that can be linked to google analytics.
6. Intuitive: Even with a myriad of many features in it, PanoraGo can still be easy to use.

PanoraGo supports all 360 cameras (in equirectangular format), you can take pictures with 360 cameras, DSLRs, or Smartphones by combining images with 3D software [16].

2.4 Multimedia

Multimedia is the utilization of computer devices to present and combine text, graphics, audio, and moving images (video and animation) [17]. Multimedia is a combination of information or media to convey data with the aim that the data is introduced more interestingly [18]. Multimedia is the use of computer devices to present and combine text, sound, images, animation, and video with tools and connections so that users can explore, connect, create, and convey [19]. It can be concluded that Multimedia is a combination of several media such as text, sound, images, animation, video, and others, into one unit so that it can produce very interesting information.

2.5 Historical objects

Historical objects are objects left by previous people that have actual cultural functions and types that are the result of activities, deeds, and works of art. An object is said to be a historical object if it has historical, scientific, religious, or economic value [20].

2.6 Museum

A museum is a place to store, maintain, secure, and utilize material objects made by humans as well as nature, and the environment [21]. The museum as a forum for saving the nation's cultural heritage in charge of collecting, preserving, maintaining, and exhibiting to the public all the works of humans and the natural environment, is also a means of education and communication [22]. Museums as an open foundation in the fields of education, culture, and tourism must be developed to protect authentic, natural, and cultural heritage, so coordinators and administrators must have high ability and honesty [23].

4.1 System development methods

The system development method used is the MDLC (Multimedia Development Life Cycle) method is a methodology used in the development of multimedia applications. This method is suitable for multimedia-based applications because it can include everything needed to develop multimedia applications. If in the process of making there is data needed but it is still lacking or damaged, then you can retrieve the data needed again. Because this methodology allows the data collection and creation stages to run parallel or simultaneously [27]. The advantages of the Multimedia Development Life Cycle (MDLC) method are that it facilitates the development of multimedia in a structured and systematic way, and has clear and ordered stages that can minimize errors and failures in multimedia development [28, 29]. The characteristics of MDLC consist of six stages of multimedia development, namely Concept, Design, Material collecting, Assembly, Testing, and Distribution [30, 31]. MDLC emphasizes the involvement of users in each stage of multimedia development.

The stages of the MDLC (Multimedia Development Life Cycle) method are as follows:

The first stage: Concept, determines the reason or purpose for which a system is created and who will use the program (identification audience), type of use, application purpose, and general details. So, researchers created a virtual tour system of historical objects at Luwu Palace, and the application is presented in the form of a web so that it is easily accessible to anyone using computer devices or smartphones.

The second stage: Design, is to make a specification of the ins and outs of the application architecture, style, appearance, and material requirements for the manufacture of the application. So, researchers designed the appearance of the System interface layout.

The third stage: Material collecting, is the collection of materials that are to the needs of the work. These materials include photos, videos, texts, and others. This stage can be worked out in parallel with the assembly stage.

The fourth stage, the Assembly, is the manufacture of all multimedia objects or materials. Application creation based on storyboards, flow charts, and navigation structures that originated at the design stage.

The fifth stage: Testing, tests the capacity, capability, and performance of the application, whether it is as expected or not. Here it is reviewed whether all links, buttons, and other features can function properly. Here researchers use questionnaire testing.

The sixth stage: Distribution, after the system passes the test, the system will be channeled through one of the hosting and domain providers so that the website-based virtual tour system can be accessed by users, especially tourists and the manager of the Batara Guru Museum of Datu Luwu Palace.

4.2 Population and samples

This study involved 41 respondents divided into two groups, namely the Expert Group (consisting of Multimedia Experts and History Experts) and the Tourist Group. The Expert Group consisted of two respondents, a Multimedia Expert with experience in creating multimedia content and a History Expert who works as a tour guide at Batara Guru Museum. Meanwhile, the Tourist Group consisted of 39 respondents who were tourists visiting Batara Guru Museum.

In selecting respondents, we used specific criteria such as experience, knowledge, and interest in multimedia and history. The Expert Group was selected based on expertise and experience in multimedia and history. Meanwhile, respondents from the Tourist Group were selected based on criteria such as visiting Batara Guru Museum, interest in history, and experience in using multimedia content during tourist activities. The involvement of both groups is expected to provide broader and more detailed information on the user experience and perception of multimedia content during tourist activities at Batara Guru Museum. Therefore, this research can provide benefits for the development of multimedia content that is more suitable for user needs.

4.3 Instruments for data elicitation

First, conducting an interview session with the manager of the Datu Luwu Palace about the obstacles faced and the system that has been running, as well as documenting in the form of photos of historical objects contained in the Batara Guru Museum of the Datu Luwu Palace complex, the interview can make it easier for researchers to design the system and develop a better prototype so that the system can later be used. Second, the questionnaire used is the "USE Questionnaire" to measure the feasibility of the system carried out on the measurement of user experience usability, there are several measurement criteria carried out on the virtual tour system, namely measuring the level of application feasibility based on four research variables, namely the usefulness variable, ease of use, ease of learning, and user satisfaction which aims to measure the feasibility of the system.

4.4. Analytics data

In this study, the feasibility assessment was conducted using a Likert Scale model which has been proven to be valid and reliable in previous research [32]. The Likert Scale model used consists of five scores, namely "Strongly Agree", "Agree", "Neutral", "Disagree", and "Strongly Disagree". Furthermore, the results obtained from the questionnaire were processed using a measurable strategy, to obtain objective and accurate values in assessing the feasibility of the system being developed. Information regarding the assessment scale used in this study can be seen in Table 1.

Table 1. Grading scale

The data obtained from the study will be analyzed and converted into a feasibility scale based on Table 2. This table provides a classification of the results based on the percentage score obtained from the feasibility assessment. The percentage score is calculated from the Likert Scale model with five scores, namely "Strongly Agree", "Agree", "Neutral", "Disagree", and "Strongly Disagree".

Table 2. Feasibility scale

The result of the feasibility percentage can be calculated using the formula:

Eligibility Percentage $=\frac{\text { Respondent } \text { Score }}{\text { Maximum Score }} \times 100$          (1)

This formula is used to calculate the feasibility percentage at each stage of system development. The maximum score is the total score that can be obtained from each assessment category. For example, in the reliability category, the maximum score is 5, which means that each respondent can give a score between 1 and 5 to assess the reliability level of the system.

6.1 Conclusions

From the results of this study, researchers can conclude that the Design of a Panoramic Virtual Tour System as a Media Guide and Education of Historical Objects at Luwu Palace which is web-based, can make it easier for tour guides to introduce and educate museum visitors about historical objects and for users or visitors can help find out about historical objects in the Batara Guru Museum without having to come directly to the museum or virtually.

The results of the feasibility test from the implementation of the system that has been made show results that are "very feasible" to use, obtained from the average percentage of Expert and Tourist respondents of 86.70%, this data was obtained from the test results by sharing a google form link and a questionnaire sheet containing a statement to determine whether or not this system is feasible to use.

6.2 Suggestion

To improve the quality of the next research, several improvement ideas can be done. These include improving the website's appearance, enhancing the quality of panoramic photos of the Datu Luwu Palace rooms, completing the image captions on the virtual tour, and improving the narrative to prevent it from being monotonous. It is also suggested that the system considers the functions of human-computer interaction and multilingual selection to make it more user-friendly and accessible to a wider audience.

Improve the website's appearance, it can be done by creating a more attractive website that catches visitors' attention, such as by adding interesting features, more appealing designs, and more modern designs. Meanwhile, enhancing the quality of panoramic photos of the Datu Luwu Palace rooms, it can be done by taking higher-resolution photos and using better equipment to produce clearer and sharper images.

In addition, another suggestion is to complete the image captions on the virtual tour by adding captions to each object and providing clearer information, so that visitors can better understand the history behind the objects. Finally, to avoid monotony during the virtual tour, adding variation to the narrative and using audio-visual techniques can be done so that visitors do not feel bored and are more interested in following the virtual tour.

By implementing these improvements, it is expected that the next research will produce better results and provide greater benefits for the development of culture and tourism in the region. Additionally, by considering the functions of human-computer interaction and multilingual selection, the system can be made more user-friendly and accessible to a wider audience.