Sanaa A. Hafad*
| Ahmed Q. Salam | Mohammed A. Fayad | Slafa I. Ibrahim | Shaimaa B. Al-Baghdadi | Hasanain A. Abdul Wahhab
ACCESS
As a responsible publisher, we prioritize adherence to scholarly ethics and the rights of all authors involved. During our review, it has come to light that the corresponding author submitted and altered the content of the manuscript without obtaining consent from all co-authors. This act breaches our publication principles and the fundamental norms of author collaboration.
In light of this, we have made the decision to retract the article. Our retraction is guided by international publication ethics standards and our commitment to maintaining academic integrity.
We regret any inconvenience this may cause to our readers and authors and are committed to enhancing our editorial processes to prevent such instances in the future.
For further information, please contact our editorial office.
Contact Information: editor.ijepm@iieta.org