Mekhala Insawang | Kongphope Chaarmart | Tosawat Seetawan*
© 2022 IIETA. This article is published by IIETA and is licensed under the CC BY 4.0 license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
OPEN ACCESS
This work developed a biosensor for the measurement of ethanol gas in the air. The biosensors were synthesized by mixing signal layer materials containing SiO2 and polyimide (PI) substrates using the enzyme Alcohol Dehydrogenase (ADH) and coenzyme Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+) as a biosensor. The electrodes were coated on biosensors by DC magnetron sputtering method for test the response performance of the developed biosensors. The ADH/NAD+ was immobilized on the Ag electrode by Glutaric dialaehyde 25 wt. % cross-linking procedure. It was found that, alcohol biosensors can be exhibited sensing ethanol gas at even low concentrations from 300 ppb to very high concentrations up to 1900 ppm, response time 3 s, recovery times 1-2 minutes and good sensitivity. The SiO2 substrate has excellent, which provides significant advantages for wearable electronic device that compact, easy to use and reduce direct contact with alcoholics. The alcohol biosensors can adoption in next generation to other electronic devices, because easy to integrate, such as a module alcohol biosensor with wireless or the fabrication of the RCL circuit. Furthermore, the alcohol biosensors based on SiO2/Ag/ADH, PI/Ag/ADH is artificial intelligence strategy for stable practical wearable electronic devices.
alcohol biosensor, thin film electrode, DC magnetron sputtering method, gas sensor
Blood alcohol determination plays an important role in laboratory medicine and forensic medicine for several reasons [1, 2]. Driving under the influence of alcohol represents a major safety concern due to the synergistic or additive effect of these substances of abuse. Cause in traffic accident such as car or motorcycle accident. Hence, rapid road-site testing of these substances is highly desired to reduce risks of fatal accidents [3]. Corresponding with the road traffic laws in Thailand and many countries, which stipulate that blood alcohol concentration 200 ppm violation of the Act. Artificial intelligence in practical capable strategy of physics, chemistry and biology sensing and diversity sensing have broadened the scope of various sensing applications to wearable electronics, especially for the wireless monitoring [4]. For example, the MQ-3 gas sensor module for detecting alcohol. MQ-3 Semiconductor sensor for alcohol gas has good sensitivity to alcohol in wide range and has advantages such as long lifespan. It is with low cost and suitable for various applications of detecting alcohol at different concentration and simple drive circuit. It is widely used in domestic alcohol gas alarm, industrial alcohol gas alarm and portable alcohol detector [5].
Nowadays, there are many methods are being used for alcohol measurement, such as spectrometric analysis and chromatographic analysis or breathalyzer, where the alcohol concentration or refractivity is detected [6, 7]. However, these methods are time-consuming and complex to perform laborious sample pre-treatment. In addition, expensive analytical apparatuses are necessary [8]. Including breathalyzer analysis methods the results can be analyzed by inhaling the breath alcohol tester through the alcohol mouthpiece (mouthpiece plastic) [9]. Direct contact between the drinker and the detector, and it is necessary to constantly change the alcohol mouthpiece. Thus, there is an increasing requirement for rapid, accurate and inexpensive methods for blood alcohol determination [10]. Alcohol biosensors is another interesting and suitable alternative, because biosensors have biological substances such as enzyme used as a detector for the substance to be measured, and the choice of enzyme alcohol biosensors will give a specific response to the substance to be measured (ethanol) [11]. We are selected enzyme ADH immobilized on electrode. The resulting enzyme electrode exhibits excellent electrocatalysis for the oxidation of reduced NAD+ [12]. Enzyme dehydrogenase catalyzes oxidation in the conditions of oxygen as a co-substrate (in smooth chemical conditions). This approach based on chemical bonding of the cofactor (which was checked by infrared spectroscopy method) led to good performances in terms of long-term stability of the electrochemical response [13]. Thus, avoiding interferences due to the presence of oxidizable substances in samples [14-16]. We decided to use 2 materials such as Silicon dioxide and PI for structure thin film. 1. Silicon that have properties metal oxide semiconductors are widely used as sensor materials because of many advantages, high sensitivity, fast response, recovery, and low detection limits over other semiconductors [17-20]. Including have a large surface area. The porous structure improves gas absorption efficiency, because the high surface-to-volume ratio [21, 22]. 2. PI is regarded as high-performance polymers because of their excellent chemical, thermal and irradiation stability, high mechanical strength and reliable electrical insulation. Nowadays there are state-of-the-art microelectronic applications [23, 24]. PI has found applications as enzyme immobilization membrane, due to their good chemical stability and low reactivity [25-28]. Moreover, we selected Ag used as electrodes for the fabricated to alcohol biosensors and module alcohol biosensors for wearable electronics devices. Ag it has excellent electrical conductivity, excellent repeatability and durability [29-32]. Flexing endurance and are broadly used in flexible electrodes and flexible sensors [33]. Thus, Ag is suitable for use as electrodes.
Therefore, the researcher is interested in developing Biosensors for the detection of ethanol gas for wearable electronic devices. Reduce direct contact with drinkers, high sensitivity, selectivity, rapid response and stability. Inexpensive compared to breath alcohol monitors. Then, we are selected MQ-3 gas sensor module used to it as prototype equipment due to inexpensive. Fabrication module alcohol biosensor for wearable electronic devices. 2 materials such as SiO2 and PI use to Structure of thin film. Enzyme ADH and coenzyme NAD+ was used as biosensors, immobilization on Ag electrode by DC magnetron sputtering method. The efficiency of response alcohol biosensors developed was tested. Alcohol biosensors module and module alcohol biosensors for wearable electronic devices compare with MQ-3 gas sensor module prototype equipment. Furthermore, the technology has been applied to the development of sensors. Next generations, in this work, can be apply or connect to other wearable electronic devices, or used for further analysis of substances.
2.1 Synthesis thin film by DC magnetron sputtering
2.1.1 Preparation signal layer structure
5-mm thick SiO₂ and PI substrate was ultrasonic cleaner with acetone and deionized water using times 10 minutes. After that 5-mm SiO2, PI was take dried under nitrogen flow at temperature 250℃ for 4 h for clean the structure by used Tube furnace.
2.1.2 Synthesis thin film
Formation a pattern of Ag electrode by DC magnetron sputtering methods, it consists of a DC power supply, Magnetron Sputtering Gun inside the vacuum and magnetron sputtering gun cooling system. After that preparation thin film in the vacuum chamber at base pressure 2.1 mT under Ar gas atmosphere Ar 99.99%, flow rating 23.3±0.1 cm3 /min and total working pressure 50 mT. Constant frequency DC high voltage power supplies 17.24 kHz adjust the current/potential at the cathode terminals while sputtering, to find the right conditions. The signal layer structure is far from the sputtering target 5.0 cm, during sputtering there is no heating, while doing it takes 15 minutes. Which is the optimum time condition for thin film preparation.
2.2 Alcohol biosensor process
2.2.1 Chemicals
Alcohol Dehydrogenase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae ≥ 300 units/mg protein were obtained from Sigma chemical company, and beta-Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide hydrate 98+% (from Germany) used as received. Glutaric dialaehyde 25 wt. % solution in water obtained from Belgium, was diluted to 2.5 wt. % with deionized water. Albumine bovine serum for biochemistry additional reagent IGSS protease was obtained from United States of America. After that, preparation of the phosphate buffer solution by prepared with 0.1 mol/L Na2HPO4 and 0.1 mol/L NaH2PO4. Next process, all solutions was made up with deionized water. The ADH stock solution were preparation with 100 µL phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.5) and stored at 4℃.
2.2.2 Biosensor process
ADH/NAD+ was immobilized on the Ag electrode by glutaric dialaehyde/Albumine bovine serum cross-linking procedure. Enzymes solution was obtained by dissolving 3 mg of ADH and 6 mg of NAD+ in 100 µL of 0.1 mol/L (pH 7.5) phosphate buffer solution. ADH and NAD+ mixed with vigorous stirring, containing 8 mg Albumine bovine serum. And then the glutaric dialaehyde (2.5 wt. %) was dilute to 2.5% wt, 1.9% wt up to a final concentration of a 0.9% wt. with deionized water. The Glutaric dialaehyde 2.5% wt. which is a bifunctional cross-linking agent was added to the ADH/NAD+ solution. In the process, the solution was completely mixed. Next steps, the Ag electrodes was immobilized on ADH solution by used micropipettes size 10-100 µl, 10±20 µl enzyme solution was immobilized on them. This procedure, we can take repeated two or three times. After that, the enzyme electrodes was placed in a desiccator for sometimes to the gel formation. The resulting enzyme electrodes as receptor (defined as SiO2/Ag/ADH, PI/Ag/ADH) and kept dry enzyme structure in phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.5) in refrigerator at 4℃ 5 h before use.
2.3 Analytical method
Figure 1. The ethanol gas test
Figure 1 shows the ethanol gas test (a) shown the Ethanol gas response to the MQ-3 alcohol biosensor module. (b) developed signal layer structure material, in figure for the structure of SiO2/Ag/ADH sample 1 and PI/Ag/ADH sample 1. (c) shown the sensor bridge circuit (d) ethanol gas response test of Module Alcohol biosensor for wearable electronic devices.
3.1 XRD analysis
The X-ray diffraction pattern of Ag thin film deposition on SiO2 and PI substrates shown in Figures 2, 3. The X-ray diffraction patterns of SiO2 were found at an angle equal 38.3 and 44.3 degree. The X-ray diffraction pattern of SiO2 is considered which uses the reference position from the ICDD standard number 00-047-1300, was found SiO2 had a plane equal (211), (202), (212), (203), (302) and (114), respectively. The Ag thin film can be observed and the peak namely (111), (200) according to ICDD number card (00-004-0783) cubic type by plane (111) is Preferred Orientation. It can be said that the thin film coated on SiO2 material is Ag thin film. As for the Ag thin films coated on the PI material, X-ray diffraction and plane diffraction patterns of the Ag thin films were observed in the same way, there are angles equal 38.3 and 44.3 degree. Crystallite size and lattice constant of main peak (111) are shown in Figure 4, were calculate the lattice constant of the Ag thin film prepared for installation from Eq. (1):
${{d}_{hkl}}\,=\,\frac{\alpha }{\sqrt{{{h}^{2}}+\,\,{{k}^{2}}+{{l}^{2}}}}$ (1)
Figure 2. Comparison XRD pattern of thin film Ag based on SiO2 at deposition times 15 minutes
The grain size was calculated by Scherrer equation from Eq. (2):
$L=\frac{k\lambda }{\beta \cos \theta }$ (2)
where, k is constant safe factor 0.9 for Face-centered cubic structure, λ is X-ray diffraction length CuKα=1.5406 Å, β is full width half maximum intensity (FWHM), $\theta$ is the Bragg angle and compare to standard as shown in Table 1.
Figure 3. Comparison XRD pattern of thin film Ag based on PI at deposition times 15 minutes
Figure 4. Equiangular X-ray diffraction pattern at an angle equal 2θ to 38.1164 degree
Table 1. A standard and calculated comparison of Ag thin film crystal structure
|
Standard (ICDD; 00-004-0783) |
Ag thin film synthetic |
|||||||
|
Peak position (2 theta) |
D-spacing (Å) |
(hkl) |
Lattice constant (Å) |
Peak position (2 theta) |
D-spacing (Å) |
FWHM (Å) |
Crystallite size D (nm) |
Lattice constant (Å) |
|
38.116 |
2.359 |
111 |
4.086 |
38.261 |
2.350 |
0.262 |
31.985 |
4.072 |
Microstructure, the SEM characterization showed the surface morphology of Ag thin film deposited on SiO2 and PI substrate at different magnification 5.000x and 10.000x shown in Figure 5, Figure 5 (a) (b) shown Ag thin film on SiO2 and PI at magnifications 5.000x and Figure 5 (c) (d) shown Ag thin film on SiO2 and PI at magnifications 10.000x. The morphology of Ag thin films with a thickness of 1 µm coated on SiO2 and PI materials has a smooth surface. Ag thin films coated on SiO2 materials have a smoother and more graven surface than Ag thin films coated on PI materials, are under the same sputtering conditions.
Figure 5. The SEM image of Ag thin film deposited on SiO2 and PI substrate at magnifications 5.000x and 10.000 x
3.3 Sensing performance of Module Alcohol biosensors
Module alcohol biosensors for wearable electronic devices, as illustrated in Figure 6. Figure 6 (a) (b) is Module alcohol biosensor based on SiO2/Ag/ADH sample 1, Figure 6 (c) (d) is Module alcohol biosensor based on SiO₂/Ag/ADH sample 2, Figure 6 (e) (f) is Module alcohol biosensor based on PI/Ag/ADH sample 1 and Figure 6 (g) (h) is Module alcohol biosensor based on PI/Ag/ADH sample 2. Module alcohol biosensors it can be detected to different gasses to ethanol are under conditions and general environment. All tests are under standard test condition at 25℃±2℃; 65%±5%RH of alcohol and 31℃±2℃; 66%±5%RH of alcohol in the general environment, respectively. Nevertheless, Module alcohol biosensor based on SiO2/Ag/ADH and PI/Ag/ADH sample 2 tasted by Digital Multimeter Sefram series 7332 brand. In addition, Module alcohol biosensor based on SiO2/Ag/ADH, PI/Ag/ADH sample 1 used a DC power supply to test by supplying 5 V to them, and then compare with resistance before and after exposure molecule ethanol gas in the air.
Figure 6. Module alcohol biosensors for wearable electronic devices developed
Electrical Resistivity (RS/RO) measurement of Module alcohol biosensors for wearable electronic devices, as illustrated in Figures 7, 8. The value ordinate means resistance (R) ratio of the sensor (RS/RO), abscissa is concentration of gasses. RS means resistance in different gasses, RO means resistance of sensor in 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40% ethanol concentrations, respectively. Good instrument performance must be within an RS/RO value in the dynamic rang range of 0.001 to 0.999. If the value of ethanol in the air is more than the sensor can detect, the sensor will read a value 0, and if the sensor reads an RS/RO value greater than 1 that mean the volume of ethanol in the air that the sensor can detect in low concentration.
Experimental result it was found that, Module alcohol biosensor based on SiO2/Ag/ADH sample 1 has an RS/RO range between 0.191 to 22.09 are under conditions and 0.461 to 2.609 in the general environment. Module alcohol biosensor based on SiO2/Ag/ADH sample 2 has an RS/RO range 1.7 to 12.49 are under conditions and 5.56 to 11.66 in the general environment. Next, Module alcohol biosensor based on PI/Ag/ADH sample 1 has an RS/RO range 1.786 to 11.622 are under conditions, 5.964 to 10.928 in the general environment and Module alcohol biosensor based on PI/Ag/ADH sample 2 has an RS/RO range 4.426 to 20.81 are under conditions and 0.85 to 5.794 in the general environment.
Figure 7. The typical sensitivity characteristics of the module alcohol biosensors are under conditions at temperature 25℃
Figure 8. The typical sensitivity characteristics of the module alcohol biosensors in the general environment
Figure 7 can be seen that the alcohol concentration ranges from 5% to 20%, Module alcohol biosensor based on PI/Ag/ADH sample 1, 2 better responses to ethanol gas more than Module alcohol biosensor based on SiO2/Ag/ADH sample 1, 2. Module alcohol biosensor SiO2/Ag/ADH sample 1, 2 is more responsive to ethanol gas at the alcohol concentration range of 25% to 40% are under conditions.
It can be seen that the Module alcohol biosensors for wearable electronic devices based on SiO2/Ag/ADH sample 1 and PI/Ag/ADH sample 2 better response to ethanol gas more than Module alcohol biosensor based on SiO2/Ag/ADH sample 2 and Module alcohol biosensor based on PI/Ag/ADH sample 1 in all concentrations of alcohol are under general environment (Figure 8). The results of the intensive experiments confirmed the efficiency of the effective material selection and inexpensive, that PI material is cheaper compared to SiO2.
From the above information, it can be concluded that, Module alcohol biosensors for wearable electronic devices can response to ethanol gas in the air by estimated RS/RO value has changed. Next steps, we will modifications Module alcohol biosensors for electronic devices by fabrication with MQ-3 gas sensor module used as an equipment prototype for used sensors for detecting ethanol gas in type compact and easy to use. We selected MQ-3 gas sensor module as an equipment prototype because cheap cost around 60 baths in Thai and just equal 2 USD.
3.4 Sensing performance of MQ-3 Alcohol biosensors module developed
Wearable platforms are an artificial intelligent interest in this generation, after are made module alcohol biosensors, recent advance have been made by incorporating MQ-3 gas sensor module equipment prototype, as illustrated in Figure 9 and shows structure of them. Figure 9 (a) (b) are MQ-3 gas sensor module shown the internal structure which compound Al2O3/Au/SnO₂, Figure 9 (c) (d) are MQ-3 alcohol biosensor module shown the internal structure which compound SiO₂/Ag/ADH sample 1, Figure 9 (e) (f) are MQ-3 alcohol biosensor module shown the internal structure which compound PI/Ag/ADH sample 1 and Figure 9 (g) (h) is MQ-3 alcohol biosensor module shown the internal structure which compound PI/Ag/ADH sample 2, respectively.
Accordingly, we demonstrated wirelessly operable MQ-3 alcohol biosensors module with MQ-3 gas sensor module by supplying 5 V DC power supply. Rapid response to ethanol gas in both (RS/RO) value of the MQ-3 gas sensor module with MQ-3 alcohol biosensors module developed shown in Figures 10, 11. We used MQ-3 gas sensor module is reference and calibrations with MQ-3 alcohol biosensors module developed. The MQ-3 alcohol biosensors module developed are test under standard condition test at 25℃±2℃; 65%±5%RH of alcohol and 31℃±2℃; 65%±5%RH, 31℃±2℃; 66%±5%RH, 29℃±2℃; 66%±5%RH and 27℃±2℃; 65%±5%RH of alcohol in the general environment.
Figure 9. Structure of MQ-3 gas sensor module with MQ-3 Alcohol biosensors module developed
Figure 10. The typical sensitivity characteristics of the MQ-3 gas sensor module with MQ-3 alcohol biosensors module developed are under conditions temperature at 25℃
Figure 11. The typical sensitivity characteristics of the MQ-3 gas sensor module with MQ-3 alcohol biosensors module developed in the general environment
When exposure to ethanol gas MQ-3 alcohol biosensors module as illustrated in Figures 10, 11, RS/RO data will be chance when enzymatic oxidation of ethanol gas in the air. ADH defined as receptor, the RS/RO value shown a value of 1, which means no ethanol molecules in the air. It was found that, firstly MQ-3 gas sensor module equipment prototype has an RS/RO value in the range 0.18 to 0.308 and 0.222 to 0.79. Secondly, MQ-3 alcohol biosensor based on SiO2/Ag/ADH sample 1 has an RS/RO value in the range 0.014 to 0.01 and 0.012 to 0.022. Thirdly, MQ-3 alcohol biosensor based on PI/Ag/ADH sample 1 has an RS/RO value in the range 0.214 to 0.59 and 0.442 to 0.946. And last MQ-3 alcohol biosensor based on PI/Ag/ADH sample 2 has an RS/RO value in the range 0.226 to 0.677 and 0.4383 to 0.952 are tests under standard conditions and general environment. Figures 10, 11 show response efficiency to ethanol gas of biosensors. In conclusion, MQ-3 alcohol biosensors based on PI/Ag/ADH sample 1, 2 response better to ethanol gas more than MQ-3 gas sensor module equipment prototype and MQ-3 alcohol biosensors based on SiO2/Ag/ADH sample 1 are under conditions. In general environment, it was found that MQ-3 alcohol biosensor based on PI/Ag/ADH sample 1, 2 responses better to ethanol gas more than MQ-3 gas sensor module equipment prototype and MQ-3 alcohol biosensors based on SiO2/Ag/ADH sample 1 also even under general environment.
3.5 Power of Sensitivity (Ps) body of the MQ-3 Alcohol biosensors module developed
Ps of MQ-3 Alcohol biosensors module developed with the MQ-3 gas sensor module are under conditions at ≤0.6(31Ω±3Ω) 25℃±2℃; 65%±5%RH of alcohol and under general environment at ≤0.6(31Ω±3Ω) 31℃±2℃; 65%±5%RH, 31℃±2℃; 66%±5%RH, 29℃±2℃; 66%±5%RH and 27℃±2℃; 65%±5%RH. As illustrated in Figures 12, 13 were calculate by Eq. (3):
$Ps=V{{c}^{2}}\times Rs/{{(Rs+RL)}^{2}}$ (3)
Figure 12. Ps body of the MQ-3 alcohol biosensors module developed with MQ-3 gas sensor module exposure to ethanol are under conditions temperature at 25℃
Figure 13. Ps body of the MQ-3 alcohol biosensors module developed with MQ-3 gas sensor module exposure to ethanol gas in general environment
Figures 12, 13 show the Ps body of the MQ-3 alcohol biosensors module developed with MQ-3 gas sensor module exposure to ethanol gas. It was found that, are under conditions the MQ-3 gas sensor module can detected ethanol gas dynamic range 1 to 30 ppm and 1 to 10 ppm in the general environment. As illustrated in Figures 12, 13. Our MQ-3 alcohol biosensors module it can be detected ethanol gas in the air in dynamic range 309 ppb to 941 ppm by MQ-3 alcohol biosensor based on SiO2/Ag/ADH sample 1 it can be detected at 309 ppb to 3 ppm, MQ-3 alcohol biosensor based on PI/Ag/ADH sample 1 it can be detected at 23 to 941 ppm and MQ-3 alcohol biosensor based on PI/Ag/ADH sample 2 it can be detected at 44 to 311 ppm, as illustrated in Figure 12. In general environment, Our MQ-3 alcohol biosensors module it can be detected ethanol gas in dynamic range 309 ppb to 1900 ppm. The MQ-3 alcohol biosensor based on SiO2/Ag/ADH sample 1 it can be detected at 309 ppb to 3 ppm, MQ-3 alcohol biosensor based on PI/Ag/ADH sample 1 it can be detected at 97 to 1270 ppm and MQ-3 alcohol biosensor based on PI/Ag/ADH sample 2 it can be detected at 197 to 1819 ppm. Thus, the MQ-3 alcohol biosensor based on PI/Ag/ADH sample 1, 2 can detected ethanol gas over a wider range of alcohol concentrations and suitable the most.
The Diagram showing the detector operation when the receptor detects ethanol gas of the MQ-3 alcohol biosensors module developed, coupled enzymatic oxidation of ethanol gas in the air as illustrated in Figure 14.
Figure 14. Enzymatic oxidation of ethanol gas in the air
Sensitivity curve of the VRL means the loop voltage (VC) is used to detect the voltage VRL on load resistance. Sensitivity curve of the VRL indicates the detection capability of ethanol gas inversely proportional to the sensor's electrical power supply, by the material being the translator of the electrode and the dependent variable, temperature and humidity as a control translator, as illustrated in Figures 15, 16. Figures 15, 16(a) shown the sensitivity curve of the VRL of MQ-3 gas sensor module, Figures 15, 16(b) are MQ-3 alcohol biosensor based on SiO2/Ag/ADH sample 1, Figures 15, 16(c) are MQ-3 alcohol biosensor based on PI/Ag/ADH sample 1 and Figures 15, 16(d) are MQ-3 alcohol biosensor based on PI/Ag/ADH sample 2 are test under standard conditions and general environment, Figures 15, 16. The graph shows that VRL value has changed the way electrochemical transistor when the receptor can sensing ethanol gas and recovered in the absence of ethanol gas in the air during 1-2 minutes.
Figures 15, 16 show sensitivity curve of the VRL in alcohol with different concentrations. Sensitivity curve of the VRL demonstrates the ability to detect ethanol gas inversely proportional to the sensor's electrical power supply. First, the MQ-3 gas sensor module equipment prototype VRL voltage is used to power the sensor with an average value of 2.999 V and 2.633 V, (Figures 15, 16(a)) when comparison between VRL voltage and Sensitivity to ethanol gas, it was found that, MQ-3 gas sensor module equipment prototype it uses moderate electrical power and can detected ethanol gas at a low concentration range. Second, the MQ-3 alcohol biosensors based on SiO2/Ag/ADH sample 1 VRL voltage is used to power the sensor with an average value of 4.92 V equal (Figures 15, 16(b)), it is very electrically powered and detects ethanol gas at a very small range of concentrations in the ppb scale. Third, the MQ-3 alcohol biosensors based on PI/Ag/ADH sample 1 VRL voltage is used to power the sensor with an average value of 0.439 V and 0.200 V (Figures 15, 16(c)), it consumes little electricity and can detected ethanol gas at a range of concentrations from the low concentration to the high concentration range and the MQ-3 alcohol biosensors based on PI/Ag/ADH sample 2 VRL voltage is used to power the sensor with an average value of 0.466 V and 0.198 V (Figures 15, 16(d)), it consumes little electricity and can detected ethanol gas at a range of concentrations from the low concentration to the high also as the MQ-3 alcohol biosensors based on PI/Ag/ADH sample 1, all test are under standard conditions and general environment. Finally, it can be concluded that, MQ-3 alcohol biosensors based on PI/Ag/ADH sample 1, 2 it uses less VRL voltage to power than MQ-3 gas sensor module equipment prototype and MQ-3 alcohol biosensors based on SiO2/Ag/ADH sample 1 calculate 2% and 4% respectively. The ability to save energy is a key feature of the artificial intelligence platform.
Figure 15. Sensitivity Curve of the VRL in Alcohol with different concentrations are under standard conditions
Figure 16. Sensitivity curve of the VRL in alcohol with different concentrations in the general environment
We demonstrated the first Alcohol biosensor made with MQ-3 gas sensor module based on SiO2 and PI substrates is an electrochemical transistor integrated with the enzyme ADH and coenzyme NAD+. The alcohol biosensors are easy to fabricate using DC magnetron sputtering techniques, made on an inexpensive, easy to integrate. We showed that the alcohol biosensors detection ethanol gas in the air, calibration with the MQ-3 gas sensor module equipment prototype. It can be concluded from the experimental results, our MQ-3 alcohol biosensors based on PI/Ag/ADH sample 1, 2 can detected ethanol gas from the range of low concentration to the range of high concentration. Detects ethanol gas in a wider range compared with MQ-3 gas sensor module equipment prototype and MQ-3 alcohol biosensors based on SiO2/Ag/ADH sample 1. In next generation, module alcohol biosensors can adoption to technology in sensor development and applied for further analysis of other substances.
This work is financial supported by Thailand Research Fund (TRF) Research Career Development Grant, (RSA6180070).
|
SiO2/Ag/ADH |
Silicon Dioxide Silver Alcohol Dehydrogenase |
|
PI/Ag/ADH |
Poly-imide Silver Alcohol Dehydrogenase |
|
Greek symbols |
|
|
α |
thermal diffusivity, m2. s-1 |
|
β |
thermal expansion coefficient, K-1 |
|
θ |
dimensionless temperature |
|
λ |
wavelength |
|
Subscripts |
|
|
SiO2 |
silicon dioxide |
|
PI |
poly-imide |
|
Ag |
silver |
|
ADH |
alcohol dehydrogenase |
|
NAD+ |
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide |
|
PBS |
phosphate buffer solution |
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