Impact of Wastewater Discharge on Water Quality of Karoon River in Iran

Impact of Wastewater Discharge on Water Quality of Karoon River in Iran

G. Badalians Gholikandi  M. Lashgari  E. Dehghanifard

Power and Water University of Technology (PWUT), Water Research Institute (WRI), Tehran, Iran

Tehran Water and Wastewater Company (TWWC), Tehran, Iran

Environmental Health Engineering Department, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences/Water & Wastewater Research Center, Water Research Institute (WRI), Tehran, Iran

Page: 
299-312
|
DOI: 
https://doi.org/10.2495/SDP-V5-N3-299-312
Received: 
N/A
| |
Accepted: 
N/A
| | Citation

OPEN ACCESS

Abstract: 

Preservation of the Karoon and Dez Rivers, the fresh water resource, is of high importance in Khuzestan province with its rapid growth of population and agricultural and industrial activities. In this paper the water quality and quality conditions of four study areas are mapped, agricultural, industrial and urban pollutant sources identified, and their impact on biological, physical and chemical water quality of Karoon River examined. Twenty five quality monitoring stations were established to determine the pollution load to the Karoon and Dez Rivers. The analysis shows that wastewater discharge has different impacts on chemical and biological water quality in the four study areas, in both the short and long term.

Keywords: 

Dez River, Karoon River, wastewater discharge, water quality.

  References

[1] Stroomberg, G.J., et al., Quality Assurance and Quality Control of Surface Water Sampling, in Quality Assurance in Environmental Monitoring, Verlaggesellschaft mbH: Weinheim, pp. 52–90, 1995.

[2] Vega, M., et al., Assessment of seasonal and polluting effects on the quality of river water by exploratory data analysis. Water Research, 32(12), pp. 3581–3592, 1998. doi:10.1016/S0043-1354(98)00138-9

[3] Couillard, D. & Lefebvre, Y., Analysis of water quality indexes. Journal of Environment Management, 21, pp. 161–179, 1985.

[4] House, M.A. & Newsome, D.H., Water quality indices for the management of surface water quality. Water Science and Technology, 21, pp. 1137–1148, 1989.

[5] Smith, D.G., A new form of water quality index for rivers and streams. Water Science and Technology, 21, pp. 123–127, 1989.

[6] Melloul, A.J. & Collin, M., A proposed index for aquifer water quality assessment: the caseof Israel’s Sharon region. Journal of Environment Management, 54, pp. 131–142, 1998. doi:10.1006/jema.1998.0219

[7] Nives, S.G., Water quality evaluation by index in Dalamatia. Water Research, 33, pp. 3423–3440, 1999. doi:10.1016/S0043-1354(99)00063-9

[8] Pesce, S.F. & Wunderlin, D.A., Use of water quality indices to verify the impact of Cordoba city (Argentina) on Suquia River. Water Research, 34, pp. 2915–2926, 2000. doi:10.1016/ S0043-1354(00)00036-1

[9] Swamee, P.K. & Tyagi, A., Describing water quality with aggregate index. Journal of EnvironmentalEngineering, 126, pp. 451–455, 2000. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372 (2000)126:5(451)

[10] Bordalo, A.A., Nilsumranchi, W. & Chalermwat, K., Water quality and uses of the Bangpakong River (Eastern Thailand). Water Research, 35, pp. 3535–3642, 2001. doi:10.1016/S0043-1354-(01)00079-3

[11] Cude, C., Oregon water quality index: a tool for evaluating water quality management effectiveness. Journal of American Water Research Association, 37, pp. 125–137, 2001. doi:10.1111/j.1752-1688.2001.tb05480.x

[12] Nagel, J.W., A water quality index for contact recreation. Water Science and Technology, 43, pp. 285–292, 2001.

[13] Jonnalagadda, S.B. & Mhere, G., Water quality of the Odzi river in the eastern highlands of Zimbabwe. Water Research, 35, pp. 2371–2376, 2001. doi:10.1016/S0043-1354(00)00533-9

[14] Liou, S.M., Lo, S.L. & Hu, C.Y., Application of two-stage fuzzy set theory to river quality evaluation in Taiwan. Water Research, 37, pp. 1406–1416, 2003. doi:10.1016/S0043-1354-(02)00479-7

[15] Hernández-Romero, A.H., et al., Water quality and presence of pesticides in a tropical coastal wetland in southern Mexico. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 48, pp. 1130–1141, 2004. doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2004.01.003

[16] Stambuk-Giljanovic´, N., Comparison of Dalmatian water evaluation indices. Water Environment Research, 75(5), pp. 388–405, 2003. doi:10.2175/106143003X141196

[17] Brown, R.M., et al., A water quality index – do we dare? Water Sewage Works, 11, pp. 339–343,1970.

[18] Khuzestan Water and Wastewater Company, Annual Quality Evaluation of Karoon River, Iranian Ministery of Energy: Ahvaz, Iran, 2008.

[19] APHA, Standard Methods for the Examination of Waters and Wastewaters, 21st edn, American Public Health Association (APHA): Washington, DC, 2005.

[20] Naddafi, K., Honari, H. & Ahmadi, M., Water quality trend analysis for the Karoon River in Iran. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 134, pp. 305–312, 2007. doi:10.1007/s10661-007-9621-6

[21] OTT, W.R., Environmental Indices-Theory and Practice, Ann Arbor Science Publishers Inc.: Michigan, USA, 1980.

[22] Iranian Deputy of Environment, Environmental Guidelines and Standards, Iranian Deputy of Environment Publication: Tehran, Iran, 2005.

[23] Shamsaei, A., Qareei Zadeh, S. & Sarang, A., The comparison of water indices and zoning quality in Karoon and Dez rivers. Water and Wastewater, 16(3), pp. 39–48, 2005. (In Persian).