OPEN ACCESS
Porous material was prepared bycarbonization and modification treatmentof the residues extracted from tobacco stems. The preparation process of the adsorption material was optimized by response surface method. The structure and properties of the product were characterizedby scanning electron microscopy, N2 adsorption-desorption, infrared spectroscopy. The results showed that: the excellent produced conditions for the adsorption materials are as follows: the temperature is 707.40 ℃, the ratio is 1:3 and the time is 17.20 min. The surface of material modified by KOH wasat typicalporousstructurewhich mainlybasedona large number of cavities and pores. The material had high specific surface areas and pore volumes. The material surface was a typical porous structure with a moderate pore size and uniform distribution. The pore structure is mainly based on the larger mesoporous structure and a certain microporous structure. Thematerialwith the specific surface areas and pore volumesas high as 1513.27 m2 /gand 0.67cm3/g were obtained. The pore size is concentrated between 6 ~ 15 nm, which belongs to mesoporous materials. The modified material possesses more abundant functional groups, s such as -OH, -CH and other functional groups, so that the material has a certain pro – organic. The material can effectively adsorb the tar, CO and phenol in the cigarette smoke, which decreased by 20.5%, 19.2%, 49.66%, respectively. The preparation method is simple and easy to operate, and the raw materials are easy to get. The materialhas a strong industrialapplication prospect.
Tobacco stem, Residue, Porous materials, Microstructure, Surface properties
[1] Z. G. Chen, L. S. Zhang, Y. W. Tang, et a1., “Adsorption of nicotine and tar from the mainstream smoke of cigarettes by oxidized carbon nanotubes,” J. Applied Surface Science, vol. 252, no. 8, pp. 2933–2937, 2006. DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2005.04.044.
[2] C. Nie, L. E. Zhao, B. Peng, et a1., “Studies on post–synthesized amine–functionalized materials for reducing volatile carbonyl compounds in cigarette smoke,” J. Acta Tabacaria Sinica, vol. 16, no. B 12, pp. 50–54, 2010.
[3] Q. B. Wen, C. T. Li, Z. H. Cai, et al., “Study on activated carbon derived from sewage sludge for adsorption of gaseous formaldehyde,” J. Bioresource Technology, vol. 102, no. 2, pp. 942-947, 2011. DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.09.042.
[4] D. Chen, Z. Qu, Y. Sun, et al., “Adsorption–desorption behavior of gaseous formaldehyde on different porous Al2O3 materials,” J. Colloids & Surfaces A Physicochemical & Engineering Aspects, vol. 441, no. 3, pp. 433-440, 2014. DOI: 10.1016/j. colsurfa.2013.10.006.
[5] W. Chen, X. Sun, Q. Cai, et al., “Facile synthesis of thick ordered mesoporousTiO2 film for dye-sensitized solar cell use,” J. Electrochemistry Communications, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 382-385, 2007. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0438–1157.2013.09.036.
[6] E. A. Dawson, M. B. Parkes Gareth, P. Branton. “Synthesis of vegetable-based activated carbons with mixed micro- and mesoporosity for use in cigarette filters,” J. Adsorption Science & Technology, vol. 30, no. 10, pp. 859-866, 2012. DOI: 10.1260/0263-6174.30.10.859.
[7] A. Alabadi, S. Razzaque, Y. Yang, et al., “Highly porous activated carbon materials from carbonized biomass with high CO2 capturing capacity,” J. Chemical Engineering Journal, vol. 281, pp. 606-612, 2015. DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2015.06.032.
[8] Xu R. B., Zhao A. Z., Xiao S. C., et al., “The adsorption of methylene blue in water by biomass char prepared from crop residues,” J. Environmental Science, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 142-146, 2012.
[9] State Tobacco Monopoly Bureau. GB 5606. 4-2005. Cigarette sensory technology requirements.
[10] GB/T19609-2004Determination of total particulate matter and tar in cigarette by routine analysis.
[11] National Tobacco Monopoly Bureau GB 5606. 5-2005. Cigarette mainstream smoke.
[12] YC/T 255-2008 Determination of phenolic compounds in mainstream cigarette smoke by high performance liquid chromatography.
[13] Z. H. Zhang, S. M. Xie, M. Zhang, et al., “Novel inorganic mesoporous material with chiral nematic structure derived from nanocrystalline cellulose for high-resolution gas chromatographic separations,” J. Analytical Chemistry, vol. 86, no. 19, pp. 9595-602, 2014. DOI: 10. 1021/ac502073g.
[14] S. H. Joo, S. J. Choi, I. Oh, et al., “Orderednanoporous arrays of carbon supporting high dispersions of Platinum nanoparticles” J. Nature, vol. 412, no. 6843, pp. 169–172, 2001. DOI: 10. 1038/35084046.
[15] L. Y. Yuan, Y. L. Liu, W. Q. Shi, et al., “A novel mesoporous material for uranium extraction, dihydroimidazole functionalized SBA-15,” J. Journal of Materials Chemistry, vol. 22, no. 33, pp. 17019-17026, 2012. DOI: 10. 1039/C2JM31766D.
[16] W. Zhang, G. Ye and J. Chen. “Novel mesoporoussilicas bearing phosphine oxide ligands with different alkyl chains for the binding of uranium in strong HNO3 media,” J. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, vol. 1, no. 41, pp. 12706–12709, 2013. DOI: 10.1039/C3TA13028B.
[17] S. P. Sturgis. “A spectral–analysis tutorial with examples in FORTRAN,” J. Behavior Research Methods & Instrumentation, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 377–386, 1983. DOI: 10. 3758/BF03203663.
[18] R. Gong, Y. Sun, J. Chen, et al., “Effect of chemical modification on dye adsorption capacity of peanut hull,” J. Dyes and Pigments, vol. 67, no. 3, pp. 175–181, 2005. DOI: 10. 1016/j. dyepig. 2004. 12. 003.
[19] R. P. Han, W. H. Zou, J. H. Zhang, et al., “Characterization of chaff and biosorption of copper and lead ions from aqueous solution,” J. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, vol., 26, no. 1, pp. 32–39, 2006. DOI: 10. 331/j. issn:0253–2468. 2006. 01. 006.
[20] Y. Xia, R. Mokaya, G. S. Walker, et al., “Superior CO2 adsorption capacity on Ndoped, high– surface–area, microporous carbons templated from zeolite,” J. Adv. Energy Mater, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 678–683, 2011. DOI: 10. 1002/aenm. 201100061.
[21] J. H. Zhang, S. M. Xie, M. Zhang, et al., “Novel inorganic mesoporous material with chiral nematicstructure derived from nanocrystalline cellulose for high-resolution gas chromatographic separations,” J. Analytical Chemistry, vol. 86, no. 19, pp. 9595-9602, 2014. DOI: 10. 1021/ac502073g.
[22] Y. Xia, R. Mokaya, G. S. Walker, et al., “Superior CO2 adsorption capacity on n-doped, high-surface-area, microporous carbons templated from zeolite,” J. Advanced Energy Materials, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 678–683, 2011. DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201100061.
[23] M. A. Nahil and P. T. Williams. “Pore characteristics of activated carbons from the phosphoric acid chemical activation of cotton stalks,” J. Biomass & Bioenergy, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 142–149, 2012. DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.12. 019.